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This collection has use restrictions. For details, please see the restrictions.
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in our reading room, and not digitally available through the World Wide Web. See the Duplication Policy section for more information.
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Collection Overview
| Size | 72.0 feet of linear shelf space (approximately 26,000 items) |
| Abstract | Margaret Nygard (1925-1995), a white environmental conservationist, her husband Holger Olof Nygard, and others in 1965 formed the Eno Historical Society (later renamed the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley and often called the Eno River Association). She was also involved in other local and state-wide groups that supported efforts to protect sensitive environmental areas. The Margaret Nygard Papers chiefly relate to her involvement in founding and running the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley. Topics include the acquisition of land along the Eno River for the Eno River State Park, the Festival for the Eno and other outreach events of the Association, Nygard's involvement with the North Carolina Division of State Parks and North Carolina environmental organizations, and her opposition to development projects, including the proposed expansion of Raleigh-Durham Airport. Also included are some Nygard and related family materials. Additions to the collection consist of materials similar to those found in the original seven series; new topics of note are materials about the Cave, Fews, Cole, Malone, Markham, and Mangum families who lived in the Eno River Valley; the Native American people and trading paths around the Eno River, Occoneechee Mountain, and Oxbow areas; and images by Durham, N.C., photographer Hugh Mangum, depicting members of the Mangum family of Durham, N.C., and the Eno River and surrounding areas. |
| Creator | Nygard, Margaret, 1925-1995. |
| Curatorial Unit | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection. |
| Language | English |
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Information For Users
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Processing Information
Processed by: Amy Nicole Roberson, Benjamin Bromley, and Megan Bricker, May 2009; Patrick Cullom and Nancy Kaiser, 2018
Encoded by: Amy Nicole Roberson and Benjamin Bromley, May 2009
Processing Note: Margaret Nygard's original arrangement and folder titles have, for the most part, been maintained.
Since August 2017, we have added ethnic identities for individuals and families represented in collections. To determine ethnic identity, we rely on self-identification; other information supplied to the repository by collection creators or sources; public records, press accounts, and secondary sources; and contextual information in the collection materials. Omissions of ethnic identities in finding aids created or updated after August 2017 are an indication of insufficient information to make an educated guess or an individual’s preference for ethnicity to be excluded from description. When we have misidentified, please let us know at wilsonlibrary@email.unc.edu.
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Subject Headings
The following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.
Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.
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Biographical Information
Margaret Nygard was born on 25 January 1925 in Nasik, India, where her father was a British civil servant. Upon leaving India, she first lived in England and then later in Canada. She married English professor Holger Nygard in 1944. Nygard received her masters degree and doctorate at the University of California, Berkeley and then moved to Durham, N.C.
Soon after arriving in Durham, N.C., she and her husband discovered the unmarked Eno River. Learning that a reservoir was to be built on the river, the two began leading hikes to raise awareness of the planned developments in the area. Nygard and the members of her hiking group formed the Eno Historical Society in 1965. The Eno Historical Society became the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley on 14 October 1966 (often called the Eno River Association).
In the early 1970s, the Association received the endorsement of the board of the Nature Conservancy and the North Carolina State Parks Committee to begin acquiring land along the Eno River to create a state park. On 15 June 1973, this donated land became part of the North Carolina state parks system as Eno River State Park. Nygard continued her involvement in the Association, becoming Executive Vice President after the Eno River State Park was formed.
Nygard's environmental works extended beyond the Association. She became involved in a number of local and state-wide groups which supported efforts to protect other sensitive environmental areas.
Margaret Nygard and Holger Nygard had four children: Stephen; Jenny, an artist whose work was featured in Association calendars; Kerstin; and Eric, who worked for the North Carolina state parks system. Margaret Nygard died on 5 November 1995 at the age of 70.
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Scope and Content
The Margaret Nygard Papers chiefly document the involvement of Margaret Nygard, a white conservationist, in the founding and running the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley (often called the Eno River Association). There are materials relating to the Eno River, Eno River State Park, and the annual Festival for the Eno. There are also materials related to Nygard's involvement with the North Carolina Division of State Parks and other North Carolina-based organizations.
Series 1. Subject Files, circa 1965-1982, contains materials relating to Margaret Nygard's early work in the Durham area, especially her involvement in the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley. The papers contain information related to West Point Mill, Guess Mill, and other mills located along the Eno River. Also included are clippings related to the earlier years of the Eno River Association and other environmental causes in which Nygard and the Association were involved. Some materials concern the Eno River Group, an organization of concerned citizens presumably led by Stewart G. Barbour around 1973-1974, who opposed the acquisition of land around the river by the Association in order to create a park. There are also materials related to the proposed expansion of the Raleigh-Durham Airport and the environmental impact on Umstead Park in Wake County, N.C. Also included are maps related to Eno River State Park and some Nygard and related family materials.
Series 2. Subject Files, circa 1982-1996, primarily contains information related to the operations of the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley and efforts to protect the Eno River. There are meeting minutes, membership lists, volunteer information, hiking and other outreach event schedules, financial materials, and materials related to the production of the annual Association calendar. Other materials are related to efforts to protect the Eno River against development spurred by the Duraleigh connector and Eno Drive. There are also materials related to many environmental and conservation groups in Durham County, Orange County, Wake County, and other locations in North Carolina. Organizations include the Durham Open Space and Trails Commission, North Carolina Division of State Parks, Friends of West Point Mill, Mountains-to-Sea Trail, Jockey's Ridge, and Umstead Park. There are also materials relating to the expansion of the Raleigh-Durham Airport, bicycle routes, and other topics. Land use plans, historical and environmental inventories, reports, and surveys are included. Finally, there are materials documenting Nygard's involvement in politics and legislation, including petitions, letters, newspaper clippings, and other related items.
Series 3. Loose Papers, 1981-2004, includes materials related to Margaret Nygard's involvement in the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley and other environmental organizations. Included are meeting minutes, scheduled events, and letters, as well as notecards featuring the artwork of Jenny Nygard, the daughter of Margaret Nygard. There are materials relating to Nygard's involvement in other groups such as the Durham County Open Space Commission and the N.C. Center for Public Policy Research, Inc. There are also materials related to Nygard's effort to protect the Eno River from transportation projects such as the Duraleigh connector and the Eno Drive Loop. Some materials, especially newspaper clippings, discuss preservation of Falls Lake, located in Durham, Wake, and Granville counties, N.C.
Series 4. Land Acquisition Files, circa 1976-1995, contains information about the ongoing efforts of the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley to acquire land along the river. These files are, for the most part, arranged geographically along the course of the Eno River. Included are letters, clippings, official documents such as appraisals, tax documents, and other financial materials related to the various tracts of land. Histories of the tracts of land are sometimes included and contain information about the families living along the Eno River.
Series 5. Festival for the Eno and Related Materials, 1985, 1990-1995, includes materials on performers, grants used to fund the Festival for the Eno, volunteers, concessions, preparations for the Festival for the Eno, and other topics. There are also materials concerning the Eno River Association's involvement in various street festivals in Hillsborough, N.C., and the surrounding areas.
Series 6. Clippings, 1966-1974, are related to the early years of the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley and other environmental groups and projects of Margaret Nygard. Clippings, 1993 onward, are chiefly related to watershed regulations affecting the Eno River, but also include newspaper articles related generally to the Eno River, Umstead Park, and other conservation efforts supported by Nygard and the Association.
Series 7. Photographs contains photographs of Margaret Nygard, the Festival for the Eno, Margaret Nygard's funeral, and the Eno River.
Additions to the collection consist of materials similar to those found in the original seven series. New topics of note are materials about the Cave, Fews, Cole, Malone, Markham, and Mangum families who lived in the Eno River Valley; the Native American people and trading paths around the Eno River, Occoneechee Mountain, and Oxbow areas; and images by Durham, N.C., photographer Hugh Mangum, depicting members of the Mangum family of Durham, N.C.
Processing Notes: Folder titles and original order have, with minor exceptions, been maintained throughout the collection. Also, please note that there is considerable overlap among the types of materials and subjects covered in the series. Researchers should therefore investigate all possible locations, both within series and across series, when searching for materials of interest to them.
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Series Quick Links
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Series 1. Subject Files, circa 1965-1982.
Arrangement: Original order and folder titles have, for the most part, been retained.
Materials relating to Margaret Nygard's early work in the Durham area, especially her involvement in the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley. The papers contain information related to West Point Mill, Guess Mill, and other mills located along the Eno River. Also included are clippings related to the earlier years of the Association and other environmental causes in which Nygard and the Association were involved. Some materials concern the Eno River Group, an organization of concerned citizens presumably led by Stewart G. Barbour, around 1973-1974, who opposed the acquisition of land around the river by the Association in order to create a park. There are also materials related to the proposed expansion of the Raleigh-Durham Airport and the environmental impact on Umstead Park in Wake County, N.C. Also included are maps related to Eno River State Park and some Nygard and related family materials.
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Series 2. Subject Files, circa 1982-1996.
Arrangement: Original order and folder titles have, for the most part, been retained.
Mostly materials related to the operations of the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley and efforts to protect the Eno River. There are meeting minutes, membership lists, volunteer information, hiking and other outreach event schedules, financial materials, and materials related to the production of the annual Association calendar. Other materials are related to efforts to protect the Eno River against development spurred by the Duraleigh connector and Eno Drive.
There are also materials related to many environmental and conservation groups in Durham County, Orange County, Wake County, and other locations in North Carolina. Organizations include the Durham Open Space and Trails Commission, North Carolina Division of State Parks, Friends of West Point Mill, Mountains-to-Sea Trail, Jockey's Ridge, and Umstead Park. There are also materials relating to the expansion of the Raleigh-Durham Airport, bicycle routes, and other topics. Land use plans, historical and environmental inventories, reports, and surveys are included. Finally, there are materials documenting Nygard's involvement in politics and legislation, including petitions, letters, newspaper clippings, and other related items.
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Series 3. Loose Papers, 1981-2004.
Materials related to Margaret Nygard's involvement in the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley and other environmental organizations. Included are meeting minutes, scheduled events, and letters, as well as notecards featuring the artwork of Jenny Nygard, Margaret Nygard's daughter. There are materials relating to Nygard's involvement in other groups such as the Durham County Open Space Commission and the North Carolina Center for Public Policy Research Inc. There are also materials related to Nygard's effort to protect the Eno River from transportation projects such as the Duraleigh connector and the Eno Drive Loop. Some materials, especially newspaper clippings, discuss the preservation of Falls Lake, which is located in Durham, Wake, and Granville counties, N.C.
Processing Note: These materials arrived at the repository unfoldered and were mostly arranged chronologically.
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Series 4. Land Acquisition Files, circa 1976-1995.
Arrangement: Original order and folder titles have, for the most part, been retained.
Information about the ongoing efforts of the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley to acquire land along the river. Included are letters, clippings, official documents such as appraisals, tax documents, and other financial materials related to the various tracts of land. Histories of the tracts of land are sometimes included and contain information about the families living along the Eno River.
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Series 5. Festival for the Eno and Related Materials, 1985-1995.
Arrangement: Original order and folder titles have, for the most part, been retained.
Materials related to performers, grants used to fund the annual Festival for the Eno, volunteers, concessions, preparations for the Festival for the Eno, and other topics. There are also materials concerning the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley's involvement in various street festivals in Hillsborough, N.C., and the surrounding areas.
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Series 6. Clippings, 1966-1993.
Arrangement: Chronological.
Clippings, 1966-1974, relate to the early years of the Association for the Preservation of the Eno River Valley and other environmental groups and projects of Margaret Nygard. Clippings, 1993 on, chiefly relate to watershed regulations affecting the Eno River, but also include newspaper articles related generally to the Eno River, Umstead Park, and other conservation efforts supported by Nygard and the Association.
Box 25-26
Box 25Box 26 |
Clippings, 1966-1993 |
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Series 7. Photographs.
Arrangement: Original order and folder titles have, for the most part, been retained.
Photographs of Margaret Nygard and others, the Festival for the Eno, Margaret Nygard's funeral, and the Eno River.
| Image Folder PF-5232/1 |
Photographs of various people |
Image Folder PF-5232/2-7
PF-5232/2PF-5232/3PF-5232/4PF-5232/5PF-5232/6PF-5232/7 |
Photographs of Margaret Nygard and the Festival for the Eno |
Image Folder PF-5232/8-9
PF-5232/8PF-5232/9 |
Photographs of Margaret Nygard's funeral |
| Oversize Image Folder OP-PF-5232/1 |
Photographs of the Eno River |
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Series 8A. Additions.
Arrangement: In order as received.
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Subseries 8A.1. Office Files, 1930s-1980s (Addition of January 2016)
Acquisitions Information: Accession 102509
Processing Note: Materials in boxes 27-38 are largely in the order in which they were received and have been described by the archivist. The donor arranged and described other materials received in this addition into thirteen "sections" that are contained in boxes 39-47.
Office files relating to Nygard's work to preserve the Eno River and surrounding lands. Topics include land conservation and land management, the Eno River Association, Friends of the Eno River, the North Carolina Land Conservancy Act, the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, the Conservation Council of North Carolina, the Open Space Commission, fundraising, hikes, environmental activism, and the Festival for the Eno. There are also materials documenting administrative operations. Also included are scrapbooks with newspaper clippings about county histories, historic sites, the Eno River Park, land conservation, and the annual folk festival, and an album with photographs depicting locations along the Eno River.
| Oversize Volume SV-05232/1 |
1930s-1950sNewspaper clippings chiefly about county histories and historic sites in North Carolina. |
| Oversize Volume SV-05232/2 |
1970sNewspaper clippings documenting news about the Eno River Park and land conservation, including efforts to establish it as a state park within the North Carolina Division of State Parks, and about the annual folk festival held at the park. |
| Image Folder PF-05232/56 |
Eno River photographs, 1970s50 images Black-and-White Photographic Prints Originally in a binder. Location descriptions included. |
| Box 27 |
Politicians, conferences and foundations, and newsletters |
| Box 28 |
Scrapbooks, 1967, 1970sNewspaper clippings about efforts to conserve park land on the Eno River and support political candidates who could have an impact on Department of Natural Resources allocations. |
| Box 29 |
"Grants and Awards"Finances and grants, board lists, awards, newsletters/magazines, 1987 Audit |
| Box 30 |
"Durham Conservation"Events and locations of sites, along with paperwork and studies, ordinances, and records of growth in area |
| Box 31 |
"Eno River Calendar '84-'90"Plans for calendar, including text and layouts; includes orders for the calendar and loose letters/order forms. |
| Box 32 |
"Exhibits and Talks" and "Roads and Reservoirs"Water watchers newsletters and events, public talks about the Eno; Red Mill Road, Upper End Reservoir. |
| Box 33 |
"FSP State Parks; Conserv. News Letters"Newsletters and reports. |
| Box 34 |
"West Point"Information regarding the West Point site; Friends of West Point minutes and files, reports, accounts |
| Box 35 |
Office files, 1970s-1980sWebster files, Friends of State Parks files, newsletters, meetings, pamphlets, hikes, student projects, Eno River Board, botany notes, license to operate bingo. |
| Box 36 |
"Office Operations"Codes, accounts, by-laws, Constaninou v. Eno River Valley, advisory committee, audit. |
| Box 37 |
"Eno Properties and Land Management"Newsletters, land acquisition and property management, Lutravil Manufacturing Company, calendar, Eno River Association, hikes. |
| Box 38 |
Office files, 1970s-1980sNature Conservancy Project Committee, Association for the Preservation of the Eno River, Kerstin Nygard's files on 1982 Festival for the Eno. |
| Box 39 |
Section I, 1966-1969Conservation efforts, Eno tracts, botanical material, wildflower preservation, city doings, Conservation Council of North Carolina, Fibers, flower hikes, Wilderness Action NCCC, talks, press releases, rafting, news articles, miscellaneous. |
Section II, 1970-1971Eno Association minutes and correspondence, Eno State Park conceptual proposal, program and activities, rafting and canoeing, ECOS, Durham Rural Development panel. |
|
| Box 40 |
Section II, 1970-1971Conservation, Cole pottery, Animal Protection Society, children's museum, news articles, wildflower protection (House Bill 1290), calendar orders, miscellaneous. |
Section III, 1972-1973Acquisitions, State Parks appropriation, resolutions, talks, Roy Sowers, Conservation Council of North Carolina, letters, news articles. |
|
| Box 41 |
Section III, 1972-1973Calendar. |
Section IV, 1973-1974City-state agreement, Nature Conservancy, rafting, calendar, Eno Journal, bumper stickers, Bernheim property, vita talks, erosion and sedimentation control, North Carolina Land Conservancy Act (bills 899, 900), Park Starts, Dam Stopped, news articles, miscellaneous. |
|
Section V, 1974-1975Eno correspondence, Eno Journal v.2, bicentennial, calendar, NCCCEH application, RCD proposal, Bowaters, Chicod Creek watershed plan, news articles, miscellaneous. |
|
| Box 42 |
Section VI, 1975-1976Eno River Association incorporation and by-laws, state master plan for Eno River State Park, Eno correspondence, mailings, exhibit material, court case deposition, hikes, land ownership transfer dates, task force, North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Duke Forest, news articles, miscellaneous, Bicentennial Folklife Festival. |
Section VII, 1977-1978City Hall opening, hikes, Venus Fly-Trap article, Eno Journal, Trees v. 6 no. 2, Friends of State Parks, calendar, State Parks Study Commission. |
|
| Box 43 |
Section VII, 1977-1978North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Pump Station, news articles, miscellaneous, Folklife Festival, Eno River Association memberships. |
Section VIII, 1979-1984Calendar, hikes, talks, North Carolina Heritage Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources, news articles, miscellaneous, Eno River Association memberships, Festival for the Eno. |
|
| Box 44 |
Section IX, 1985-1988North Carolina Humanities Committee proposal, Margaret Nygard's personal calendar, auditor's reports, awards, Urban Trails and Greenways, New Hope Creek and county inventories, Red Mill Road findings, news articles, miscellaneous, calendar, Festival for the Eno. |
Section X, 1989-1992Treasurer's report, "urgent," expenses. |
|
| Box 45 |
Section X, 1989-1992Open Space Commission, "Protecting Umstead Park" by Margaret Nygard, calendar, Orange County landfill, miscellaneous, Margaret Nygard's personal calendar, Festival for the Eno. |
Box 45-46
Box 45Box 46 |
Section XI, 1993-1995Radford, watershed ordinance, Gerald Bowen, calendar, matching grants, Trust for Public Land, Open Space Commission, Rare Species exhibit, audit, news articles, Falls watershed and Treyburn articles, "Unanswered Items?" Festival for the Eno, calendar, National Geographic special edition on water. |
| Box 47 |
Section XII, 1975-1993West Point on the Eno, West Point mill, McCown House, Mangum, Friends of West Point, mill committee, volunteer guide program (Jenny Nygard's papers, 1977-1980). |
Section XIII, 1968-1982Historical information, Mary Claire Engstrom files, Boyd's story of Durham, maps, McCowans, Sims, Spargers, Cabe's Mill, Upper Eno mills, Explorers Club, Malone/Cole farm, Fews, Bob Pickard's photographs and letters, Durham water system history, Wrightsborough 1768...McDuffie County, Georgia 1870. |
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Subseries 8A.2. Nygard-Lassaw Letters, 1960s (Addition of February 2016)
Acquisitions Information: Accession 102513
About fifteen personal letters between Margaret Nygard and longtime friends Ibram and Ernestine Lassaw. A few of the letters are dated 1964-1966, and all appear to be from the mid-1960s. Contents include talk of upcoming travels, children, well-wishing, and some talk of Margaret Nygard's work, but from a personal standpoint rather than a professional one.
| Folder 618 |
Letters, 1960s |
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Subseries 8A.3. Office Files and Hugh Mangum Photographs, circa 1880s-1980s (Addition of July
2018)
Acquisitions Information: Accession 103386
Processing Notes: Image folder titles were derived from original slide boxes and contents of images.
Photographic materials are described in detail in an inventory created by the donor. The inventory can be found in PF-5232/55.
Office files relating to Nygard's work to preserve the Eno River and surrounding lands. Topics include land conservation, water conservation, local history, Durham County parks and recreational facilities, and environmental activism. There is also information about the Cave, Fews, Cole, Malone, Markham, and Mangum families who lived in the Eno River Valley; the Native American people and trading paths around the Eno River, Occoneechee Mountain, and Oxbow areas; and the establishment of the Eno River State Park. Photographic materials are chiefly images taken by Hugh Mangum of his family and the Eno River and surrounding areas. There is also some unidentified portrait work by Hugh Mangum.
Box 48-49
Box 48Box 49 |
Office files, 1970s-1980s |
Image Folder PF-5232/10-21
PF-5232/10PF-5232/11PF-5232/12PF-5232/13PF-5232/14PF-5232/15PF-5232/16PF-5232/17PF-5232/18PF-5232/19PF-5232/20PF-5232/21 |
Photographs of Hugh Mangum and family, circa 1890s-1900s15 images Black-and-White Photographic Prints Photographs of the Mangum family of Durham, N.C., taken by Hugh Mangum. |
Image Folder PF-5232/22-26
PF-5232/22PF-5232/23PF-5232/24PF-5232/25PF-5232/26 |
Eno River, Durham, N.C., and surrounding areas, circa 1890s-1920s5 images Black-and-White Photographic Prints |
Image Folder PF-5232/51-54
PF-5232/51PF-5232/52PF-5232/53PF-5232/54 |
Eno River, Durham, N.C., and surrounding areas, circa 1890s-1920s4 images Black-and-White Photographic Prints |
Image Folder PF-5232/27-29
PF-5232/27PF-5232/28PF-5232/29 |
Unidentified portrait work by Hugh Mangum, circa 1900s-1920s3 images Black-and-White Photographic Prints |
Image Folder PF-5232/30-36
PF-5232/30PF-5232/31PF-5232/32PF-5232/33PF-5232/34PF-5232/35PF-5232/36 |
Mangum family and Eno River (copy-work)17 images Black-and-White Photographic Prints and Negatives (copy work) Reproductions of photographs depicting the Mangum Family taken by Hugh Mangum. |
Image Folder PF-5232/37-44
PF-5232/37PF-5232/38PF-5232/39PF-5232/40PF-5232/41PF-5232/42PF-5232/43PF-5232/44 |
Hugh Mangum Studio papers,13 items Printed Materials Materials related to Hugh Mangum's photographic studio in Durham, N.C. Items include a promotional ticket, a studio coupon, a postcard, and invoices. |
| Image Folder PF-5232/45 |
Jack Vaughan family photographs and papers,20 items Printed Materials and Black-and-White Photographic Prints Miscellaneous correspondence between Jack Vaughn and sisters as well as photographs depicting members of Vaughn's extended family. Largely documents the family and their connection to the preservation of the Eno River in Durham, N.C. |
Image Folder PF-5232/46-50
PF-5232/46PF-5232/47PF-5232/48PF-5232/49PF-5232/50 |
Miscellaneous photographs and papers,20 images Printed Materials and Black-and-White Photographic Prints Miscellaneous photographs of members of Mangum's extended family by unknown photographers. |
| Image Folder PF-5232/55 |
Original inventoryPrinted Materials "Margaret Cruden Nygard's Papers: Additional Materials Submitted to the Wilson Library: Section XIV: Hugh Mangum Photos & Documents (Photographs: Section 14)." Includes detailed descriptions of each item in the Addition of July 2018. |
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