Hawkins Family Papers, 1738-1895

Collection Number: 00322

Collection Title: Hawkins Family Papers, 1738-1895

This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in our reading room, and not digitally available through the World Wide Web. See the Duplication Policy section for more information.

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Size	28.5 feet of linear shelf space (approximately 16,000 items)
Abstract	The Hawkins Family Papers chiefly document white male family members, including Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833), John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858), and William J. Hawkins (1819-1894), and others of Warren, Franklin, and Wake counties, N.C., who owned and managed plantations; enslaved people; served as state and federal officials, including as an agent to the Creek people and superintendent of all tribes of Indigenous peoples south of the Ohio River; and worked as railroad executives, bankers, commission merchants, machinery and phosphate manufacturers, and operators of other enterprises in North Carolina and several adjacent states. Enslaved people are documented in letters exchanged between white family members, in deeds and bills of sale, and in account books. The collection includes extensive business and personal correspondence, 1738-1893, of several generations of the Hawkins family. Also included are papers of other nearby socially and politically influential related families and correspondence with relatives who lived in Texas, Mississippi, Florida, and other states. Volumes up to 1865 relate primarily to agriculture and railroads; the remainder of the volumes are account books, letter books, inventories, order and shipping records, and other records. Among companies important in the papers are Hawkins, Williamson & Company, cotton brokerage and commission merchants of Baltimore, and its successor Hawkins & Company; C. M. Hawkins & Company, which continued Hawkins & Company; the Pioneer Manufacturing Company of Raleigh, N.C., distributor of agricultural supplies; and the North Carolina Phosphate Company, incorporated in 1885, with its main offices at Raleigh and works at Castle Hayne, N.C.
Creator	Hawkins (Family : Hawkins, Benjamin, 1754-1816)
Curatorial Unit	Southern Historical Collection
Language	English

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Restrictions to Access: No restrictions. Open for research.

Copyright Notice: Copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law.

Preferred Citation: [Identification of item], in the Hawkins Family Papers #322, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Acquisitions Information: Gifts and purchases from the Andrews family of Raleigh, N.C., before 1940 and in 1952, with subsequent additions and purchases in 1963, 1967, 1973, 1983, 1984, and 1985.

Sensitive Materials Statement: Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, the North Carolina Public Records Act (N.C.G.S. § 132 1 et seq.), and Article 7 of the North Carolina State Personnel Act (Privacy of State Employee Personnel Records, N.C.G.S. § 126-22 et seq.). Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g., a cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning an individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill assumes no responsibility.

Expand/collapse Processing Information

Processed by: Roslyn Holdzkom, Greg Smith, and Matt Powell, January 1993

Encoded by: Bari Helms, March 2005

Finding aid updated by: Amanda Loeb, February 2013

Conscious Editing by Nancy Kaiser, September 2023: Updated collection overview, subject headings, biographical note, scope and content note, and contents list.

In September 2023, archivists reviewed this collection to uncover more information about the lives of enslaved and free people of color. Containers that include materials related to enslaved and free people of color during the antebellum period, the institution of slavery, or freed people after the Civil War are indicated as "Records of enslavement and/or free people of color" or "Records of Reconstruction." Researchers are advised that the collection may include more documentation of slavery, free people of color, and Reconstruction than has been identified in this finding aid.

All additions as of January 1993 have been interfiled.

This collection was rehoused under the sponsorship of a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Office of Preservation, Washington, D.C., 1990-1992.

Since August 2017, we have added ethnic and racial identities for individuals and families represented in collections. To determine identity, we rely on self-identification; other information supplied to the repository by collection creators or sources; public records, press accounts, and secondary sources; and contextual information in the collection materials. Omissions of ethnic and racial identities in finding aids created or updated after August 2017 are an indication of insufficient information to make an educated guess or an individual's preference for identity information to be excluded from description. When we have misidentified, please let us know at wilsonlibrary@unc.edu.

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The following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.

Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.

Expand/collapse Biographical Information

The Hawkins family of this collection includes the paternal descendent line of Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801), a white landowner and enslaver in Warren County, N.C.; Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833), a white landowner and enslaver in Franklin County, N.C.; John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858), a white lawyer, landowner, and enslaver in Franklin and Warren Counties, N.C.; and William J. Hawkins (1819-1894), a white landowner, enslaver, and physician in Warren County, N.C., and a railroad president and banker in Raleigh, N.C. A more expansive narrative of other notable family members and related descendant lines is included here for additional Hawkins family context. Some of these additional family members are represented in the collection but many are not.

Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801), the son of Philemon and Ann Eleanor Howard Hawkins of Virginia, circa 1735, settled in North Carolina's Granville County (which later became Bute and subsequently Warren County) with his mother, stepfather, younger brother John Hawkins, and sister Ann Hawkins. Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801) married Delia Martin, and with her had six children: Fannie Hawkins, who married Leonard Bullock; John Hawkins (1744-1802); Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833); Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1818); and Ann Hawkins, who married Micajah Thomas.

John Hawkins (1744-1802), the son of Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801) and Delia Martin, married Sally Macon. Among their children was yet another Philemon Hawkins (1767-1856), a hotelier in Louisburg, N.C., who represented Franklin County in North Carolina's state legislature. Philemon Hawkins (1767-1856) first married Mary Christmas (1775-1822), and with her had Adam Hawkins (born about 1798--died between 1850 and 1856); Joseph Warren Hawkins (1801-1873), who married Frances Minter; Thomas Hawkins (1804-1856), who married Rebecca Linder; William Brehon Hawkins (1807-1878), who married Charlotte Gray; and Sally Hawkins (1808-1860), who married Thomas Whitmell Pugh. Adam Hawkins (born about 1798--died between 1850 and 1856) married Sarah Freeman on 12 April 1825 in Franklin County, N.C., but also had a child with Rebecca Hawkins, who was married to Alexander Jones and enslaved by Dr. Stephen Davis of Boxwood in Warrenton and Largo Plantation near Elberon, both in Warren County, N.C. Adam and Rebecca's child, Lucinda, married Henry Davis, who Dr. Stephen Davis also enslaved.*

After the death of his first wife, Philemon Hawkins (1767-1856) married Jacobina Sherrod (1803-1881) on 4 June 1826 in Franklin County, N.C. Their children were Archibald Davis Hawkins (1828-1903), who married Mary B. Hawkins; Madison Hawkins (1829-1893), who married Truxillo (sometimes spelled Truxilla) A. Terrell; Nathaniel M. Hawkins (1830-1879); Lucy M. Hawkins (1831-1879), who married David A. Williams; Fannie Martin Hawkins (1833-1903), who married Philemon Benjamin Hawkins; Mary Macon Hawkins (1838-1918); and Benjamin Franklin Hawkins (1840-1903), who married Martha Elizabeth Bynum. Nathaniel M. Hawkins (1830-1879) never married, but had a long-term relationship with Anna Green, who was identified as being of mixed race and whose enslavement status is uncertain. They had six children, born between 1864 and 1879: John Wesley Green, Elizabeth Green, Annie B. Green, William Adam Green, Mary Helen Green, and Esther Green.

Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1818), the son of Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801) and Delia Martin, served on General George Washington's staff as a translator to French officers during the Revolutionary War, and, in 1785, served as commissioner to treat with the Cherokee and other Indigenous peoples. He was a member of the Continental Congress, 1781-1784, 1786, and 1787, and a United States senator from North Carolina, 1789-1795. Beginning in the 1790s, he was agent to the Creek people and superintendent of all tribes of Indigenous people south of the Ohio River.

Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833), the son of Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801) and Delia Martin, was married to Lucy Davis Hawkins of Warren County. Their children were William Hawkins (1777-1819), governor of North Carolina, who married Ann Swepson Boyd; John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858); Eleanor Howard Hawkins, who married Sherwood Haywood; Ann Hawkins, who married William Person Little; Delia Hawkins, who married Stephen Haywood; Sarah Hawkins, who was the second wife of William Polk; Joseph Hawkins, who married Mary Boyd; Benjamin Franklin Hawkins, who married Sally Person; Lucy Davis Ruffin Hawkins, who married Louis D. Henry; and Philemon Hawkins, Frank Hawkins, George W. Hawkins, and Mildred Hawkins, all of whom did not marry.

John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858), the son of Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833) and Lucy Davis Hawkins, was born in Warren County, N.C.; graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1801; studied law with Judge John Haywood; lived in Franklin County, N.C.; and was an enslaver and land owner in Franklin and Warren counties. He served in the state senate, 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840. He married Jane A. Boyd (1784-1875), a daughter of Alexander Boyd of Boydton, Mecklenburg County, Va. John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858) and Jane A. Boyd (1784-1875) had six sons: James Boyd Hawkins, who moved to Texas; Frank Hawkins (1815-1896), who moved to Mississippi; William J. Hawkins (1819-1894), of Raleigh; John D. Hawkins Jr., who moved to New Orleans; Philemon Benjamin Hawkins (1823-1891), who remained in Franklin County and served in the North Carolina legislature; and Alexander Boyd Hawkins (1825-1921), who moved to Florida and later to Raleigh. The couple also had five daughters: Ann Hawkins, who married Wesley Young; Lucy Hawkins, who married Thomas Kean; Mary Hawkins, who married Protheus E. A. Jones; Virginia Hawkins, who married William J. Andrews; and Jane A. Hawkins, who did not marry.

William J. Hawkins (1819-1894), the son of John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858) and Jane A. Boyd (1784-1875), studied at the University of North Carolina, was graduated from William and Mary, and received his M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania. He initially settled at Ridgeway, N.C., where he was a white landowner and enslaver and practiced medicine. Later he became interested in the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad and moved to Raleigh to serve as president of the railroad, 1855-1875. The Raleigh & Gaston and the lines with which it was associated later became the Seaboard Air Line. In 1890, Hawkins became president of the Citizens National Bank of Raleigh. He was married three times: to Mary Alethea Clark, with whom he had two sons, Colin M. Hawkins and Marmaduke J. Hawkins; to Lucy N. Clark, with whom he had two daughters, Loula Hawkins and Alethea Hawkins; and to Mary A. White, with whom he had one daughter, Lucy C. Hawkins.

John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858) also fathered a child named Rebecca Hawkins (circa 1830-1901) with Mistress Brodie, an enslaved woman. Rebecca Hawkins reportedly was born about March 1830 in Vance County, N.C. She married Mingo Hawkins. Rebecca Hawkins had 21 children, 11 of whom are known: Benjamin Hawkins, Lewis Hawkins, Lucy Alston, Caroline Frances Hawkins Willis, Grant W. Hawkins, Thomas Hawkins, Robert Hawkins, Bettie H. Crutchfield, Florence Williams, Janie Burwell, and Ella Hawkins Brice. On 27 March 1901, Rebecca Hawkins died in Vance County. Descendants of this branch of the Hawkins family include writer and educator Charlotte Hawkins Brown and singer Natalie Cole.

DNA testing has revealed not only the descendant lines of Philemon Hawkins (1767-1856) and John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858) described here, but also numerous additional African American Hawkins descendants, with ancestry that links back to many of the Hawkins men's migratory locations.

*For further information about Rebecca Hawkins, see the 1857 will of Dr. Stephen Davis at the North Carolina State Archives.

This biographical note was revised with assistance from Hawkins family descendants Renate Yarborough Sanders and Shannon Christmas in September 2023.

Expand/collapse Scope and Content

The Hawkins Family Papers chiefly document white male family members, including Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833), John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858), and William J. Hawkins (1819-1894), and others of Warren, Franklin, and Wake counties, N.C., who owned and managed plantations; enslaved people; served as state and federal officials, including as an agent to the Creek people and superintendent of all tribes of Indigenous peoples south of the Ohio River; and worked as railroad executives, bankers, commission merchants, machinery and phosphate manufacturers, and operators of other enterprises in North Carolina and several adjacent states. Enslaved people are documented in letters exchanged between white family members, in deeds and bills of sale, and in account books. The collection includes extensive business and personal correspondence, 1738-1893, of several generations of the Hawkins family. Also included are papers of other nearby socially and politically influential related families and correspondence with relatives who lived in Texas, Mississippi, Florida, and other states. Volumes up to 1865 relate primarily to agriculture and railroads; the remainder of the volumes are account books, letter books, inventories, order and shipping records, and other records. Among companies important in the papers are Hawkins, Williamson & Company, cotton brokerage and commission merchants of Baltimore, and its successor Hawkins & Company; C. M. Hawkins & Company, which continued Hawkins & Company; the Pioneer Manufacturing Company of Raleigh, N.C., distributor of agriculture products such as plows, cotton planters, pulleys, machine castings, bobbins, spools, shuttles, and manure; and the North Carolina Phosphate Company, incorporated in 1885, with its main offices at Raleigh and works at Castle Hayne, N.C. There is almost no material pertaining to Benjamin Hawkins's activities as Revolutionary War leader and United States senator, but there are a few items relating to his career as a United States agent to the Creek tribe and other Indigenous people.

Contents list

Expand/collapse Series Quick Links

1. Correspondence and Related Material, 1738-1893.
1.1. Correspondence and Related Material, 1738-1865.
1.2. Correspondence and Related Papers, 1866-1891.
2. Volumes, 1801-1895 and undated.
2.1. Volumes, 1801-1868.
2.2. Volumes, 1866-1895.

Expand/collapse Series 1. Correspondence and Related Material, 1738-1893.

About 15,700 items.

Arrangement: chronological.

Expand/collapse Subseries 1.1. Correspondence and Related Material, 1738-1865.

About 7,000 items.

Arrangement: chronological.

1738-1799

Deeds for enslaved people, land, and other property, chiefly in Granville and Warren counties, N.C., but also Bute, Franklin, Montgomery, and Edgecombe counties. Materials relate to Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801), Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833), Joseph Hawkins, and other members of the Hawkins, Williams, Forkner, and related families in Raleigh and Warren County.

There are many Benjamin Hawkins materials, including a letter, 9 April 1785, from Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1818) in Savannah to Compte de la Forest, reporting his recent evaluation of the Georgia seacoast, rivers, and islands for shipbuilding. Antoine Rene Charles Mathurin de la Forest (1756-1846) was secretary of the French to the United States in 1778 and became vice consul for Carolina and Georgia in 1783 and later consul general. On 10 February 1792, there is a draft of a letter from Hawkins to George Washington about the government's relations with Indigenous peoples. There are also copies of reports and letters sent to Secretary of War Henry Dearborn by Hawkins and Hawkins's journal entries March-June 1797, during which time he worked with a commission appointed to survey a boundary line between the Cherokee people and Tennessee and between the Creek people and Georgia. Also included is an order from Benjamin Hawkins at Fort Wilkinson, Ga., 6 January 1798, to Edward Price, United States factor, for a bushel of corn and a bushel of salt to be supplied to an Indigenous woman named Hothletocco, so that she and her family might return to the Creek people. There is also a letter 23 November 1798, from Hawkins at Hillaubee, Talladega County, Ala., to Colonel David Henley in Knoxville, Tenn., replying to Henley's request to purchase cows and reporting that Rachel Spillard, who had been employed by a Mr. Dinsmoor to teach the Cherokee people to spin and weave, had left to work in a cotton factory and had not been paid for her instructional work. Henley (1748-1823) was a native of Massachusetts who served in the Revolutionary War and held various government posts, including clerk in the War Department. Mr. Dinsmoor may be Silas Dinsmore (1766-1847), an agent for Indigenous people.

1800-1804

Scattered papers of Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833), his brother Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1818), and son John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858), chiefly relating to property and including deeds, indentures, powers of attorney, and bills. In 1801, there is the will of Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801) of Pleasant Hill, Warren County, naming his children and grandchildren as heirs.

Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1818) items include letters, 7 February 1800, from Georgia Governor James Jackson to Hawkins concerning Hawkins's work as an agent to Indigenous peoples, and 27 December 1800, from Hawkins at Fort Wilkinson on the Oconee River near Milledgeville, Ga., to Joseph Clay, merchant of Savannah. Hawkins wrote to acknowledge receipt of merchandise and the federal stipend for the Creek people, sent by Clay to a Mr. Wright, United States factor for the Creek people. In the letter, Hawkins commented on the progress of the government's plan to relocate the Creeks. On 21 January 1803, there is a letter from William Hawkins (1777-1819) to Benjamin Hawkins about Benjamin's career and family matters.

1805-1819

By 1805, papers are primarily of John D. Hawkins (1781-1858) of Franklin, Warren, and Granville counties. Included are papers relating to the trafficking of enslaved people through purchase and sale; business correspondence; bills; items relating to land and to tobacco crops; notes; tax receipts; and items relating to Hawkins's law practice, commencement exercises at the University of North Carolina, Hawkins's saltworks and sawmill, the Louisburg Female Academy, and teachers employed by Hawkins to instruct his children. Included is a June 1818 letter from John G. Blount in Washington, N.C., about the need for legislation to permit construction of a canal from the Roanoke River to the Tar River. In 1819, there are materials relating to Archibald Lytle, William Person, and William Hawkins. In March 1819, there is the will of Muscogie Hawkins, who left his estate to Lavinia Hawkins.

1820-1823

Miscellaneous business papers of John D. Hawkins (1781-1858) relating to agriculture, property, securing teachers for his children, leather tanning and shoemaking enterprises, University of North Carolina finances, the will of Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1818), and the division of family property.

Among the 1820 letters are a draft of a letter from John D. Hawkins to John Branch, president of the Board of Internal Improvement, about the Tar River Navigation Company; a letter from A. D. Murphey about the Board; and letters from W. N. Edwards of Washington, D.C., about post offices and pension cases. On 15 July 1823, there is the draft of a letter to William Welborn about political misunderstandings in the race for state legislature. Richard Russell's bills and other business papers run throughout these years.

1824-1825

Business papers of Richard Russell, who died intestate in 1825. There are also business papers of John D. Hawkins (1781-1858), including deeds; bills; and correspondence about the leather business, land, crops, enslaved people, the estate of Alexander Boyd, and the affairs of Richard Boyd. Among the correspondents are William Robards, Joseph W. Hawkins, Thomas H. Kean, William Pannill of Petersburg, and other merchants; also Will Polk, William M. Swepson, Benjamin F. Hawkins, H. L. Jeffers, John D. Hawkins's father Philemon, and other members of the Hawkins family. In a letter, dated 30 April 1825, James Manney of Beaufort, N.C., wrote about progress in cutting the canal linking the Tar and Roanoke rivers.

1826-1843

Business correspondence and other papers of John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858). Hawkins was concerned with planting cotton, wheat, and tobacco crops; managing land, especially in Tennessee, and other property; leather and salt enterprises; banking; the Alexander Boyd and Richard Russell estates; civil suits in court; family matters, including securing teachers for his children; Revolutionary War pension cases for which he was attorney, especially, beginning in 1834, Elizabeth Milligan McCarty's claim, and beginning in 1840, that of Esther Johnston; politics and political campaigns; the plough factory and furnace at Sandy Creek mills in Warren County, erected in 1837; and beginning around 1837, railroad construction.

Included are an exchange of letters in April 1827 between John D. Hawkins and Nathaniel Macon about an invitation to a public dinner for Macon; a letter, 19 September 1827, from F. F. O'Neill of Charleston, S.C., to Colonel William Polk about Polk's academy; a letter in February 1829 from David Clark about cotton manufacturing machinery and Andrew Jackson; an exchange of letters in October 1829 about John D. Hawkins's desire to visit West Point to observe teaching methods to be implemented at the University of North Carolina and John Branch's reaction to the idea; a partnership agreement, 7 September 1837, between John D. Hawkins and William B. Williams to erect a plough factory and furnace at Sandy Creek Mills; a letter, 7 December 1837, from Charles M. Garnett to Hawkins about building the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad; a February 1838 copy of the will of Jacob Fane (Fain), who was emancipated in 1805 and died circa 1837, and a copy of the emancipation bond; letters, 1839-1841, from John D. Hawkins Jr. to his father about life at the University of North Carolina; an 1842 certificate documenting that William J. Hawkins (1819-1894) completed work for the M.D. degree at the University of Pennsylvania; and letters of R. W. Haywood about family tombstones and gold mining.

1844-1849

Business papers of John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858), now at Henderson Depot, N.C., continue with an increasing percentage relating to railroad matters, especially correspondence as a stockholder in the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad. Beginning around 1844, there are also business papers of Hawkins's son William J. Hawkins (1819-1894) at Ridgeway, Warren County. There are also family letters, chiefly among John D. Hawkins's children. Beginning in 1844, there are letters from Louis H. Russell, who was supported at William and Mary in Virginia by his uncle John D. Hawkins.

Also included are a phrenological reading, 6 March 1844, of John D. Hawkins by William P. Hebard of Oxford, N.C., and letters, 1844-1845, about trafficking of enslaved people by hiring them out for railroad work; a contract, October 1845, for building a house at Ridgeway for William J. Hawkins; many letters, particularly in 1846, about Revolutionary War pension cases; a copy of a letter, 3 August 1846, from John D. Hawkins to William P. Williams about John D. Hawkins, Jr.'s campaign for a seat in the state legislature; 1847 letters from John B. Hawkins in Mattagorda County, Tex., about his property, crops, and life there; items, March-May 1847, about President James K. Polk's visit to the University of North Carolina; a report, 14 July 1847, to John D. Hawkins about the condition of his lands in Tennessee; correspondence in 1847 about extending the railroad from Raleigh into South Carolina; copies of letters in June 1848 relating to a misunderstanding between Robert Strange and President Polk; correspondence, August-November 1848, with the Georgia Historical Society about publication of Benjamin Hawkins's writings; letters, 1847-1848, from Frank Hawkins and family in Carroll County, Miss.; and letters, December 1848, of N. B. Massenburg concerning plans for enlarging the courthouse.

1850-1865

Accounts and correspondence with commission merchants at Petersburg and Richmond and a few personal bills and legal papers relating to John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858) continue until his death in 1858, after which there are items about the settlement of his estate. On 16 June 1850, there is a letter from Congressman J. R. J. Daniel to John D. Hawkins about how the territorial slavery issue was unlikely to result in a settlement acceptable to the South. On 15 September 1850, there is a letter to Hawkins about his sons' taking the census in Warren County. In the early 1850s, there are a few items relating to the trafficking of enslaved people through sale and hiring out. On 26 November 1852, there is a contemporary copy of a letter to Junius Amis of Vicksburg, Miss., from John D. Hawkins about a conflict with an enslaved person who had performed an act of resistance.

During this period, there are a few family letters, especially those relating to Virginia Hawkins Andrews. On 17 September 1852, there is a letter from the physician at the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, Va., to John D. Hawkins about the mental state of a relative in residence.

As the years go by, papers increasingly relate to William J. Hawkins (1819-1894), son of John D. Hawkins. These include papers about his presidency, beginning in 1855, of the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad, and to his work with W. J. Hawkins & Company, which contracted to build sections of the Virginia & Kentucky Railroad in the 1850s. There are also many papers relating to the building of the bridge at Gastonia, N.C.

In the 1850s and 1860s, there are also papers relating to the affairs of William's brother Philemon Benjamin Hawkins (1823-1891), who managed plantations and was a contractor of Franklin County. In the 1850s and early 1860s, he was in partnership with David Bisset as contractors for railroad construction. Papers show that this partnership worked on some projects near Pendleton, S.C., and Weldon, N.C., and that Philemon Hawkins was also a member of the W. J. Hawkins Company that built sections of the Virginia & Kentucky Railroad near Abingdon, Va. His life outside railroad construction, which he spent managing properties in Franklin County, at Henderson, or at Spring Grove near Henderson is also documented. There are also some papers relating to Philemon's tenure in the state legislature in 1852. Also included are scattered papers of John D. Hawkins Jr., Alexander Boyd Hawkins of Henderson, James B. Hawkins of Texas, Frank Hawkins of Mississippi, and other family members.

In the early 1860s, there are papers relating to the estate of John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858), including a list, 15 December 1860, of enslaved people belonging to the estate. A list on 9 December 1862 gives the final disposition of the enslaved people.

During the Civil War period, there is little to indicate that a war was going on, except that the Hawkinses sent their cotton and other products South instead of to Virginia. In 1862, there are a few slight references to family members in military service. A 26 August 1862 letter to Alexander Boyd Hawkins from Phinizy & Clayton, commission merchants of Augusta, Ga., discussed counterfeit Confederate bank notes in circulation. A letter on 13 November 1862 to Alexander Boyd Hawkins from commission merchants Duncan & Johnston of Savannah, Ga., discussed a shipment of flour that had not been received and probably had been confiscated by the government. On 13 November 1863, there is a letter to Jane Hawkins in Henderson from William J. Hawkins in Raleigh about the confiscation of horses. In December 1863, Hawkins and other railroad presidents exchanged letters about planning routes for the delivery of goods and protesting taxes about to be levied.

There are few items dated 1863-1864. By the end of 1865, William J. Hawkins appears to have made a good recovery from wartime inconveniences, although there is a letter, 14 December 1865, to him from George Grice at the Car Works in Portsmouth, Va., stating that northern troops having stolen all the supplies used in building railroad cars, the Works would have to wait for the reorganization of the banks to be able to purchase enough supplies to reopen. Materials in November and December 1865 are chiefly letters of application and recommendation for jobs with the National Express and Transportation Company of the State of North Carolina, of which William was a director.

NOTE: Records of enslavement are highlighted at the folder level where known to exist but should not be considered a complete list of items related to slavery in this series.

Folder 1	Correspondence and related papers, 1738-1759
Oversize Paper Folder OPF-322/1	Indenture between John Green and Philemon Hawkins in Granville County, N.C., 7 December 1756
Folder 2	Correspondence and related papers, 1760
Oversize Paper Folder OPF-322/2	Indentures (4) in Granville County, N.C., 1760
Folder 3	Correspondence and related papers, 1761-1764
Oversize Paper Folder OPF-322/3	Indentures (2) in Granville County, N.C., 1761 and 1762
Folder 4	Correspondence and related papers, 1765-1769
Oversize Paper Folder OPF-322/4	Indenture between George Martin and Philemon Hawkins in Granville County, N.C., 7 August 1761
Folder 5	Correspondence and related papers, 1770-1778
Folder 6	Correspondence and related papers, 1779
Oversize Paper Folder OPF-322/5	Indentures in Bute County, N.C. (5), and Franklin County, N.C. (1), 1779
Folder 7	Correspondence and related papers, 1780-1782
Oversize Paper Folder OPF-322/6	Indentures in Granville County, N.C. (1), and Warren County, N.C. (1), 1782
Folder 8	Correspondence and related papers, 1783-1789 9 April 1785 letter from Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1818) in Savannah to Compte de la Forest, reporting his recent evaluation of the Georgia seacoast, rivers, and islands for shipbuilding. Antoine Rene Charles Mathurin de la Forest (1756-1846) was secretary of the French to the United States in 1778 and became vice consul for Carolina and Georgia in 1783 and later consul general.
Oversize Paper Folder OPF-322/7	Indenture to John Hawkins in Franklin County, N.C., 10 Augutst 1786
Folder 9	Correspondence and related papers, 1790-1794 10 February 1792: draft of a letter from Benjamin Hawkins to George Washington about the government's relations with Indigenous people.
Folder 10	Correspondence and related papers, 1795-1799 Includes copies of reports and letters sent to Secretary of War Henry Dearborn by Benjamin Hawkins and Hawkins's journal entries March-June 1797, during which time he worked with a commission appointed to survey a boundary line between the Cherokee people and the state of Tennessee and between the Creek people and the state of Georgia. 6 January 1798: order from Benjamin Hawkins at Fort Wilkinson, Ga., to Edward Price, United States factor, for a bushel of corn and a bushel of salt to be supplied to Hothletocco, an Indigenous woman, so that she and her family might return to the Creek people. 23 November 1798: letter from Benjamin Hawkins at Hillaubee, Talladega County, Ala., to Colonel David Henley in Knoxville, Tenn., replying to Henley's request to purchase cows and reporting that Rachel Spillard, who had been employed by a Mr. Dinsmoor to teach the Cherokee people to spin and weave, had left to work in a cotton factory and had not been paid for her work with the Cherokees. Henley (1748-1823) was a native of Massachusetts who served in the Revolutionary War and held various government posts, including clerk in the War Department. Mr. Dinsmoor may be Silas Dinsmore (1766-1847), an agent to Indigenous people.
Folder 11	Correspondence and related papers, 1800-1802 7 February 1800: letter from Georgia Governor James Jackson to Benjamin Hawkins concerning Hawkins's work as an agent for Indigenous people. 27 December 1800: letter from Benjamin Hawkins, Fort Wilkinson on the Oconee River near Milledgeville, Ga., to Joseph Clay, merchant of Savannah, acknowledging receipt of merchandise and the federal stipend for the Creek people, sent by Clay to a Mr. Wright, United States factor for the Creek people. In the letter, Hawkins commented on the progress of the government's plan to settle the Creek people. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 22 July 1802: will of Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801) in which he bequeathed Frank, Sukey and her child Wordly, and "little Moses" to his son John (1744-1802); to his son Philemon (1752-1833) he gave Joe the miller at Sandy Creek Mill, and his wife Rhitta, and her children; to his son Benjamin (1754-1818) he gave the enslaved people who he had previously given to his son Joseph, who had died previously; to his grandson John D. Hawkins (1781-1858) he gave Hopewell and [?]; to his grandson Benjamin he gave money intended for the purchase of two enslaved people; to his daughter-in-law Lucy Davis Hawkins, wife to his son Philemon (1752-1833), he gave Sal and Rochelle, the daughters of Dorea; to his granddaughter Priscilla Cotton, he gave an unidentified enslaved girl between 12 and 15 years of age. He also expressed a desire that Harry, his "old waiting man," and "Old Jack" be emancipated and given provisions; if they could not be emancipated they would be given to Benjamin. He devised the remainder of the unidentified people he enslaved to his sons John and Philemon. He directed that Hannah, Jim, Doll, Robin, Moll, Nanny, and Lucy be kept at the manor plantation and be assignend minimal work and be provided for. At the bottom is a provision, 22 July 1801, in which Philemon Hawkins expressed that Matthew, an enslaved person who had cared for him during his sickness, if possible should be emanicpated in the Warren County Court. Matthew is noted as having been helpful in informing Philemon about fraudulent deeds perpetrated by his grandson Philemon (1767-1856), son of John Hawkins (1744-1802) and Sally Macon, and Amy, who was an enslaved person.
Folder 12	Correspondence and related papers, 1803-1804 January 1803: letter from William Hawkins (1777-1819) to Benjamin Hawkins about Benjamin's career and family matters.
Folder 13	Correspondence and related papers, 1805-1806
Folder 14	Correspondence and related papers, 1807-1808
Folder 15	Correspondence and related papers, 1809
Folder 16	Correspondence and related papers, 1810-1811
Folder 17	Correspondence and related papers, 1812
Folder 18	Correspondence and related papers, 1813
Folder 19	Correspondence and related papers, 1814
Folder 20	Correspondence and related papers, 1815-1816
Folder 21	Correspondence and related papers, 1817
Folder 22	Correspondence and related papers, 1818 June 1818: letter from John G. Blount, Washington, N.C., about the need for legislation to permit construction of a canal from the Roanoke River to the Tar River.
Folder 23	Correspondence and related papers, 1819 In 1819, there are materials relating to Archibald Lytle, William Person, and William Hawkins. March 1819: letter of guardianship for Muscogee Hawkins, orphan of Benjamin Hawkins, to be in the care of Lavina Hawkins.
Folder 24-25 Folder 24 Folder 25	Correspondence and related papers, 1820 1820: draft of a letter from John D. Hawkins to John Branch, president of the Board of Internal Improvement, about the Tar River Navigation Company. 1820: letter from A. D. Murphey about the Board of Internal Improvement. 1820: letters from W. N. Edwards of Washington, D.C., about post offices and pension cases.
Folder 26	Correspondence and related papers, 1821
Folder 27-28 Folder 27 Folder 28	Correspondence and related papers, 1822
Folder 29-30 Folder 29 Folder 30	Correspondence and related papers, 1823 15 July 1823: draft of a letter to William Welborn about political misunderstandings in the campaign race for state legislature.
Folder 31-34 Folder 31 Folder 32 Folder 33 Folder 34	Correspondence and related papers, 1824
Folder 35-37 Folder 35 Folder 36 Folder 37	Correspondence and related papers, 1825 30 April 1825: letter from James Manney of Beaufort, N.C., writing about progress in cutting the canal linking the Tar and Roanoke rivers.
Folder 38	Correspondence and related papers, 1826
Folder 39-40 Folder 39 Folder 40	Correspondence and related papers, 1827 April 1827: letters between John D. Hawkins and Nathaniel Macon about an invitation to a public dinner for Macon. 19 September 1827: letter from F. F. O'Neill of Charleston, S.C., to Colonel William Polk about Polk's academy.
Folder 41	Correspondence and related papers, 1828
Folder 42-43 Folder 42 Folder 43	Correspondence and related papers, 1829 February 1829: letter from David Clark about cotton manufacturing machinery and Andrew Jackson. October 1829: letters about John D. Hawkins's desire to visit West Point to observe teaching methods to be implemented at the University of North Carolina and John Branch's reaction to the idea.
Folder 44-46 Folder 44 Folder 45 Folder 46	Correspondence and related papers, 1830
Folder 47-48 Folder 47 Folder 48	Correspondence and related papers, 1831
Folder 49-50 Folder 49 Folder 50	Correspondence and related papers, 1832
Folder 51	Correspondence and related papers, 1833
Folder 52-53 Folder 52 Folder 53	Correspondence and related papers, 1834
Folder 54	Correspondence and related papers, 1835
Folder 55	Correspondence and related papers, 1836
Folder 56	Correspondence and related papers, 1837 7 September 1837: partnership agreement between John D. Hawkins and William B. Williams to erect a plough factory and furnace at Sandy Creek Mills. 7 December 1837: letter from Charles M. Garnett to Hawkins about building the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad.
Folder 57	Correspondence and related papers, 1838 Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: February 1838: copy of the will of Jacob Fane (Fain), who was emancipated in 1805 and died circa 1837, and a copy of the emancipation bond.
Folder 58	Correspondence and related papers, 1839 1839: letters from John D. Hawkins Jr. to his father about life at the University of North Carolina.
Folder 59-62 Folder 59 Folder 60 Folder 61 Folder 62	Correspondence and related papers, 1840 1840: letters from John D. Hawkins Jr. to his father about life at the University of North Carolina.
Folder 63	Correspondence and related papers, 1841 1841: letters from John D. Hawkins Jr. to his father about life at the University of North Carolina.
Folder 64	Correspondence and related papers, 1842 1842: certificate documenting William J. Hawkins's completion of work for the M.D. degree at the University of Pennsylvania. 1842: letters of R. W. Haywood about family tombstones and gold mining.
Folder 65-66 Folder 65 Folder 66	Correspondence and related papers, 1843
Folder 67	Correspondence and related papers, 1844 6 March 1844: a phrenological reading of John D. Hawkins by William P. Hebard of Oxford, N.C. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 1844: letters about trafficking of enslaved people through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge for railroad work.
Folder 68-69 Folder 68 Folder 69	Correspondence and related papers, 1845 October 1845: contract for building a house at Ridgeway for William J. Hawkins. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 1845: letters about trafficking of enslaved people through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge for railroad work.
Folder 70-74 Folder 70 Folder 71 Folder 72 Folder 73 Folder 74	Correspondence and related papers, 1846 1846: letters about Revolutionary War pension cases. 3 August 1846: a copy of a letter from John D. Hawkins to William P. Williams about John D. Hawkins Jr.'s campaign for a seat in the state legislature.
Folder 75-78 Folder 75 Folder 76 Folder 77 Folder 78	Correspondence and related papers, 1847 1847: letters from John B. Hawkins in Mattagorda County, Tex., about his property, crops, and life there. March-May 1847: letters about President James K. Polk's visit to the University of North Carolina. 14 July 1847: letter with a report to John D. Hawkins about the condition of his lands in Tennessee. 1847: letters about extending the railroad from Raleigh into South Carolina.
Folder 79-81 Folder 79 Folder 80 Folder 81	Correspondence and related papers, 1848 June 1848: copies of letters relating to a misunderstanding between Robert Strange and President Polk. August-November 1848: letters exchanged with the Georgia Historical Society about publication of Benjamin Hawkins's writings. December 1848: letters of N. B. Massenburg concerning plans for enlarging the courthouse.
Folder 82-85 Folder 82 Folder 83 Folder 84 Folder 85	Correspondence and related papers, 1849
Folder 86-88 Folder 86 Folder 87 Folder 88	Correspondence and related papers, 1850 Folder 87: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 16 June 1850: letter from Congressman J. R. J. Daniel to John D. Hawkins about how the territorial slavery issue was unlikely to result in a settlement acceptable to the South. Folder 88: 15 September 1850: letter to Hawkins about his sons taking the census in Warren County.
Folder 89-91 Folder 89 Folder 90 Folder 91	Correspondence and related papers, 1851
Folder 92-94 Folder 92 Folder 93 Folder 94	Correspondence and related papers, 1852 Folder 92: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 2 February 1852: deed in which John D. Hawkins granted Hetta, an enslaved child about 10 years old, to his daughter Jane A. Hawkins. 1 April 1852: letter from H. A. Burton to John D. Hawkins in Franklin County, N.C., offering to traffic seven unidentified enslaved people through hiring out their labor, skills, and knowledge for work on a railroad. Folder 93: 17 September 1852, there is a letter from John M. Galt, superintendent and physician at the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, Va., to John D. Hawkins, about the status of a relative in residence. Folder 94: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 26 November 1852: letter from John D. Hawkins at Henderson Depot, Granville County, N.C., to Junius Amis, Vicksburg, Miss., regarding Amis's responsbility for supporting Grace, an older and reportedly blind enslaved person who had been sent to Hawkins' house by Mrs. Johnson. 4 December 1852: letter from Frank Hawkins, Carroll County, Miss., to Papa, reporting that some unidentified enslaved people were sick with sore throats. 25 December 1852: letter from M. Hawkins, Louisburg, N.C., to John D. Hawkins, Henderson, N.C., informing him that there would be no hiring of enslaved people at Davis crossroads until after 1 January 1853. M. Hawkins offered to be of service by attending to a group of enslaved people who were to arrive at Davis crossroads to be trafficked through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge on 29-30 December 1852.
Folder 95	Correspondence and related papers, 1853 Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 31 January 1853: contract to pay for the trafficking of Joseph and Ned, who were enslaved people hired to work on the North Carolina Railroad, signed by E. A. Jones, M. D. Hawkins, and Phil. B. Hawkins. 21 February 1853: contract to pay Thomas D. Hester for services as an overseer and for the trafficking of an unidentified enslaved person who was hired to work on the North Carolina Railroad by John D. Hawkins. 1 March 1853: contract to pay John Somerville for the trafficking of Allen, an enslaved person who had been hired by William J. Hawkins. 1 March 1853: contract to pay William Plummer for the trafficking of Miles, who had been hired by John D. Hawkins and Alexander B. Hawkins. 31 March 1853: contract to pay Adolphus Jones for the trafficking of William, an enslaved person who had been hired out to John D. Hawkins. The contract terms included time allotted for William to see his wife.
Folder 96	Correspondence and related papers, 1854 Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 2 June 1854: letter from S. D. Bevis, Franklinton, to Dr. Hawkins, regarding George, an enslaved person who had been trafficked through hiring out of his labor, skills, and knowledge.
Folder 97-98 Folder 97 Folder 98	Correspondence and related papers, 1855 Folder 97: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 24 January 1855: deed for James, Harriet, and their children Martha and Jim, an enslaved family granted by John D. Hawkins to his son Philemon B. Hawkins (1823-1891).
Folder 99-105 Folder 99 Folder 100 Folder 101 Folder 102 Folder 103 Folder 104 Folder 105	Correspondence and related papers, 1856 Folder 99: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 1 January 1856: bill of sale for Frances, an enslaved person who was trafficked through sale from Edward P. Jones to William J. Hawkins and Dr. A. B. Hawkins. 7 January 1856: letter from R. B. Haywood, Raleigh, to John D. Hawkins, discussing a schedule of names and ages of enslaved people. 26 January 1856: letter from Philemon B. Hawkins & Co. to Peebles & White, Petersburg, regarding blankets to be cut into 2 pieces and a barrel of whiskey for enslaved people. 27 January 1856: letters (2) from R. B. Haywood, Raleigh, to John D. Hawkins, Henderson, N.C., regarding the valuation of unidentified enslaved people in the context of inheritances and the stipulations appended to the trafficking of the enslaved people through hiring out. Haywood, an enslaved person, is mentioned in the first letter; Frank and Rufus are mentioned in the second letter. 28 January 1856: receipt from Peebles & White, Petersburg, for blankets and whiskey for enslaved people. 1856: accounting sheet for J. J. Estes, recording the trafficking of unidentified enslaved people through hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge. Horace, Jason, Lea, Jan, and Hannah are also mentioned. 5 February 1856: indenture in which Rufus, who was about 15 years old and enslaved by Richard W. Keavney, Warren County, was apprenticed to Reuben, who was enslaved by William Hawkins, to learn bricklaying and plastering. 15 February 1856: letter from William A. Blount to John D. Hawkins concerning the disposition of Sherwood Haywood's estate, including enslaved people. 19 February 1856: letter from John D. Hawkins, Henderson, to William A. Blount concerning the disposition of Sherwood Haywood's estate, including enslaved people. 22 February 1856: letter from John D. Hawkins, Henderson, to William A. Blount concerning the disposition of Sherwood Haywood's estate, including enslaved people. Folder 100: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 1 March 1856: letter from William A. Blount to John D. Hawkins concerning the disposition of Sherwood Haywood's estate, including enslaved people. Folder 101: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 10 May 1856: letter from Aaron Devaney, Roane County, Tenn., to John D. Hawkins, inquiring about Jane, who was enslaved by Devaney. 12 May 1856: letter from R. Edgar Williams to Philemon B. Hawkins, offering to traffic Mike, an enslaved stone mason, through hiring out of his labor, skills, and knowledge. Folder 102: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 10 July 1856: contract for the trafficking of Charles, who was enslaved to Conrad Boyd, through the trafficking of his labor, skills, and knowledge to R. W. Hyman. Folder 103: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 11 August 1856: letter from David Bisset, Raleigh, to Philemon B. Hawkins, reporting that enslaved people working on a stone wall have been sick with chills and bowel distress. 29 August 1856: letter from Will Plummer, Warrenton, to Philemon B. Hawkins, reporting that Miles, an enslaved person who had self-emancipated by running away, had been jailed. Miles had been trafficked to Hawkins through the hiring out of his labor, skills, and knowledge. Plummer intended to punish Miles by trafficking him through sale by William Watson Jr. in Richmond. Folder 104: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 1856: Philemon B. Hawkins in account with M. G. Hamble, including shoes for Peter and Henry, who likely were enslaved people. 15 September 1856: letter from Frank Hawkins, Montgomery, Ala., to John Davis Hawkins, reporting on difficult and expensive travel with enslaved people. September 1856: time sheet for Philemon B. Hawkins & Co., contractors who provided labor, including that of enslaved people, to the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad. Folder 105: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 7 October 1856: letter from John Arrington, Ridgeway Depot, to William J. Hawkins, concerning work performed by Coobin, who likely was an enslaved person. Folder 105: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: October 1856: time sheet for work done by enslaved people and others under supervision of Major Cilley. October 1856: time sheet for Philemon B. Hawkins & Co., contractors who provided labor, including that of enslaved people, to the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad. 3 November 1856: bill for boarding fees for railroad workers who were both people of color and white people. 1856: Philemon B. Hawkins in account with William Lanier, including record of work by Jacob, Edward, and Richard, who likely were enslaved people. November 1856: time sheet for work done by enslaved people and others under supervision of Major Cilley. 1856: Philemon B. Hawkins in account with David Bissett, including shoes for people who likely were enslaved. 20 December 1856: receipt for trafficking of Patience and her son Gabriel, and Isobella, who had been sold by Alexander B. Hawkins to Philemon B. Hawkins. December 1856: time sheet for work done by enslaved people and others under supervision of Major Cilley. 1856: Elizabeth Estes in account with John D. Hawkins, trustee, including expenses related to trafficking of enslaved people through hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge.
Folder 106-109 Folder 106 Folder 107 Folder 108 Folder 109	Correspondence and related papers, 1857 Folder 106: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 7 January 1857: letter from J. W. Durham to Mr. McGiffee, offering the labor of John Ward, who likely was enslaved. 5 February 1857: letter from Philemon Hawkins, Raleigh, to John D. Hawkins, mentioning Granderson, an enslaved person, as the carrier of the letter. 1857: January-February time for Major Cilley, including the labor of people who may have been enslaved. Folder 109: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 14 October 1857: D. Hawkins in account with Stevenson & Weddell, including blankets for enslaved people.
Folder 110-114 Folder 110 Folder 111 Folder 112 Folder 113 Folder 114	Correspondence and related papers, 1858 Folder 110: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 28 January 1858: contract in which John, an enslaved man was trafficked through the hiring out of his labor, skills, and knowledge, by R. M. Saunders to Philemon B. Hawkins. 10 March 1858: receipt for purchase of Bob, an enslaved person who had been trafficked through sale from David Bissett, Ridgeway Depot, to Philemon B. Hawkins and W. J. Hawkins. 15 April 1858: will of John D. Hawkins, in which he bequeathed 20 unidentified enslaved people to his wife Jane A. Hawkins; to his daughter Mary Jones he gave Adam, Guilford, Hamilton, Charity and her children, Mary, Bella, Silvey, Caroline and her 3 children; to Bettie Andrews he gave Caroline and 2 sisters about 12 years old; to Alexander B. Hawkins he gave a boy about 13 years old; to Richard and Philemon Andrews he gave a boy about 12 years old; to Ariella Andrews he gave a girl about 12 years old. To Jane A. Hawkins he gave Phebe and her children, Eliza and her children Chany, Littleton, Joe, Cynthia, Lenisa, Antony, and Bay Captain. To his granddaughter Elizabeth he gave [?], an enslaved girl about 12 years old. Any enslaved people who remained as part of the estate were to be divided among the executors: Ann S. Young, Mary Jones, Jane Hawkins, and the children of Virginia Andrews. 1858: William J. Hawkins in account with David C. Hall, including expenses for unidentified laborers who likely were enslaved people. Folder 113: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 8 November 1858: William J. Hawkins in account with Thomas Carroll, including work performed by Henry, who likely was enslaved
Folder 115-117 Folder 115 Folder 116 Folder 117	Correspondence and related papers, 1859 Folder 115: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 6 January 1859: contract for Charles and Enuck [Enoch?], enslaved people who had been trafficked by John Hockaday, who hired out their labor, skills, and knowledge to Philemon B. Hawkins; 6 January 1858: contract for Edward, an enslaved person who had been trafficked by John Hockaday who hired out Edward's labor, skills, and knowledge to Philemon B. Hawkins. 13 January 1859: bill of sale for Henry, who had been trafficked through sale from Dickinson Hill & Co. in Richmond in December 1858, probably on behalf of Ann S.Young, to to P. E. A. Jones. Folder 116: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 14 June 1859: letter from Jane Hawkins, Franklin county, N.C., to one of her children, in which she identified the 20 enslaved people she selected as part of her inheritance from John D. Hawkins: Nathan, Allen, Sam, Mingo, Bob, Tom, Enoch, George, Humphrey, Granderson, Adam, [Harry?]. Fanny, Becky, Betsy, Matilday, Emily, Liss, Mary, and John. 17 January 1859: list of enslaved people identified by name who had received payment made from John D. Hawkins through William J. Hawkins for corn, fodder, and bark. Folder 117: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 24 October 1859: letter from Alexander B. Hawkins, Tallahassee, Fla., to William J. Hawkins, discussing plantation management, including his having purchased a plantation for which he could not secure enough labor. Martha and Hannah, who may have been enslaved people, are mentioned. circa 1859: list of 75 enslaved people who are identified by name and age.
Folder 118-120 Folder 118 Folder 119 Folder 120	Correspondence and related papers, 1860 Folder 118: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 21 March 1860: note for payment for Jim, an enslaved person who was trafficked through sale from R. H. M. Paschall, trustee for Michael H. Paschall, to William J. Hawkins. Folder 119: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 18 June 1860: letter from W. W. Vass, Raleigh, to William J. Hawkins, mentioning Reuben. 10 July 1860: John D. Hawkins in account with W. W. Young, documenting medical care for enslaved people, 1856-1859. Some enslaved people are identified by name. 13 July 1860: itemized expenses for railroad work, including the trafficking of unidentified enslaved people through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge by Philemon Hawkins. Undated: receipt for railroad work, some of it completed by enslaved people who had been trafficked through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge. Folder 120: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 11 October 1860: legal note concerning Adaline, an enslaved girl who was trafficked through inheritance stipulated in the will of John D. Hawkins, to his granddaughter Betty H. Kean, Lagrange, Tenn. 27 November 1860: note for payment for Richard, an enslaved child who was trafficked through sale from L. H. Henderson, trustee of W. B. Turner, to William J. Hawkins. 15 December 1860: lists of enslaved people identified by name and age, belonging to the estate of John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858). 20 December 1860: letter from David Bissett to William J. Hawkins, Ridgeway, regarding the threat of trafficking of Bob, an enslaved stone mason, through sale in retaliation for unpaid debts.
Folder 121	Correspondence and related papers, 1861 Folder 121: Records of enslsavement: 1861: Philemon B. Hawkins in account with W. W. & S. D. Young, with entries for medical care for Lewis and unidentified enslaved people. 12 November 1861: tax list of Philemon B. Hawkins, in which he claimed 15 enslaved people as property. The enslaved people are not identified by name but approximate ages are given.
Folder 122-123 Folder 122 Folder 123	Correspondence and related papers, 1862 Folder 123: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 18 January 1862: Philemon B. Hawkins in account with George Seaborn, including entries for work by enslaved people who had been trafficked through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge. 28 January 1862: letter from J. Holt, [Company Shop?], N.C., to Mr. Hawkins, mentioning Henry, who may have been an enslaved person. 3 April 1862: Philemon B. Hawkins in account with W. W. & S. D. Young, for medical care for Lewis and unidentified enslaved people. Folder 123: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 9 December 1862: list giving the final disposition of enslaved people belonging to the estate of John Davis Hawkins (1781-1858). Enslaved people are identified by name. Folder 123: 26 August 1862: letter to Alexander Boyd Hawkins from Phinizy & Clayton, commission merchants of Augusta, Ga., discussing counterfeit Confederate bank notes in circulation. Folder 123: 13 November 1862: letter to Alexander Boyd Hawkins from commission merchants Duncan & Johnston of Savannah, Ga., discussing a shipment of flour that had not been received and probably had been confiscated by the government.
Folder 124	Correspondence and related papers, 1863-1864 Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 14 October 1863: bill of sale for Eliza, [Chany?], [Cinthos?], Louisa, Antony, Captain, Littleton, and Joe, who were enslaved people who had been trafficked through sale from Jane A. Hawkins to William J. Hawkins on 1 January 1861. 13 May 1863: will of Sevin Lane, in which he bequeathed unidentified enslaved people he claimed as property to Margaret Lane, Thomas Hill Lane, William Walter Lane. 8 September 1864: W. J. Hawkins in account with William H. McKee for medicine provided to a person who may have been enslaved, at the request of [T. I. Holt?]. 29 September 1864: letter from James W. Alston to Mr. Powell, mentioning "Old Bill." 1864: William J. Hawkins in account with W. H. Suit, instructions to pay Giden, who may have been enslaved. 13 November 1863: letter from William J. Hawkins, Raleigh, to Jane Hawkins, Henderson, reporting the confiscation of horses. December 1863: letters exchanged between Hawkins and other railroad presidents about planning routes for the delivery of goods and protesting taxes about to be levied.
Folder 125-127 Folder 125 Folder 126 Folder 127	Correspondence, 1865 Folder 125: Records of Reconstruction: 14 July 1865: letter from W. H. Wesson to William J. Hawkins, commenting on the demoralized labor system. Folder 127: 14 December 1865: letter from George Grice at the Car Works in Portsmouth, Va., stating that since northern troops had stolen all the supplies used in building railroad cars the Works would have to wait for the reorganization of the banks to be able to purchase enough supplies to reopen.
Folder 128-134 Folder 128 Folder 129 Folder 130 Folder 131 Folder 132 Folder 133 Folder 134	Correspondence and related papers, Undated and fragments before 1866 Includes materials related to land and legal disputes, pension cases. Folder 128: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Receipt: including an entry for Jim, who had been trafficked through hiring out of his labor, skills, and knowledge for three months. Folder 129: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Letter from Joseph W. Hawkins: mentioning Gabriel, the carrier of goods and who Hawkins kept overnight. Folder 130: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Lists of enslaved people under headings of Elenor Haywood, Ann Little, Delia Haywood, Sarah Polk, Benjamin F. Hawkins, Emily Nuttall, John D. Hawkins. Notice for the trafficking through sale of enslaved people at Mecklenburg Court on third Monday in September. Folder 131: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: James Harrison & Co. vs William Jeffreys: relating to trafficking through sale of Ben, who was sold to John D. Hawkins. Letter from Ann Johnson regarding a division of enslaved people in which she requested that an enslaved woman and her child, identified only as "Emily's," be sent to her. Letter from J. A. Hawkins to John D. Hawkins, mentioning an unidentified person enslaved by Colonel Robards, and Chaney. John Avery and Ann Williams Avery vs. Perminy Williams: lawsuit concerning the trafficking of [Essick?], who was about 13 years old and with his brother Jack, about 15 years old, had been deeded to Ann Williams Avery by her father Seth Williams in 1785. Sometime after 1785, Seth Williams conveyed [Essick?] to his brother Perminy Williams. In 1804, John D. Hawkins sought payment from Perminy Williams for the intervening years of Essick's labor, skills, and knowledge. Letter from Sarha L. Hogg to John D. Hawkins, mentioning need for winter clothes for enslaved people. Letter from J. A. Boyd to Richard Boyd, Warren County, concerning the future trafficking through sale of enslaved people deeded to B. Burnwell. Folder 132: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Legal paper questioning the adminstration of the estate of Willis Alston; Phillis and Jenny are mentioned. Folder 133: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Receipt: including entries for labor of unidentified people who likely were enslaved. Folder 134: Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Letter from Joseph B. Hawkins to Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833), mentioning that the son of Dr. Rhodes has carried enslaved people on Red River. Letter from Thomas [?] to John D. Hawkins, Franklin County, mentioning that the slavetrader had not returned. Memoranda regarding a legal dispute between Benjamin Hawkins, Philemon Hawkins, and John Hawkins about the division of enslaved people. Letter from W. H. Edwards to William J. Hawkins, regarding Edwards' conditions for trafficking of a young enslaved person through purchase from J. W. Martin in Richmond.

Expand/collapse Subseries 1.2. Correspondence and Related Papers, 1866-1891.

About 8,700 items.

Arrangement: chronological.

Papers of William J. Hawkins and his brothers continue. In the late 1860s and 1870s, William was a member of Hawkins, Williamson & Company of Baltimore, general commission merchants, with B. P. Williamson, J. J. Thomas, and Colin M. Hawkins. His papers as president of the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad run from about 1867 to 1875, and his papers as president of the Ridgeway Company are of the some period. Philemon Benjamin Hawkins's papers also continue; these include some relating to his service in the North Carolina senate in 1870.

Papers of Colin M. Hawkins, son of William J. and Mary Alethea Clark Hawkins, are also included. His business papers extend from the 1860s through the 1880s and include materials relating to his time in Baltimore in the 1860s and 1870s as a member of Hawkins, Williamson & Company and its successor, Hawkins & Company. Also documented is his career in the 1880s, when he was in Raleigh and connected with the Pioneer Manufacturing Company, Raleigh Light & Gas, and the North Carolina Phosphate Company. The Pioneer Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1883 by J. C. Kearney, P. M. Wilson, and Colin M. Hawkins to make objects of wood and metal. The company distributed plows, cotton planters, pulleys, machine castings, bobbins, spools, shuttles, and manure. The North Carolina Phosphate Company, with offices at Raleigh and works at Castle Hayne, N.C., was incorporated in 1885, with M. J. Hawkins as president and Colin M. Hawkins as secretary. F. M. Andrews, J. F. Dortch, and A. H. A. Williams were also among the incorporators.

Included are bills, receipts, notes, deeds, indentures, tax lists, insurance policies, notes on court proceedings, estate settlement accounts, and a few family letters. There is also correspondence relating to plantation management in Mississippi, 1870-1875; cotton sales, 1870-1880; tobacco markets, 1878; land speculation in North Carolina, 1883; and accounts with commission merchants and factors.

Throughout the period, there are papers relating to railroad construction and management. These include contracts and other records of the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad and specifications for construction of the Virginia & Kentucky Railroad.

There are several oversize plats, town plans, and building specifications from the 1870s and 1880s for various locations. These include plans for William J. Hawkins's houses in Raleigh and Ridgeway and for the residence of I. H. Pearce in Oxford, Miss. There are also engineering sketches of mill machinery labeled "N.C. Phosphate Mill, Raleigh," and maps, including one of Middleburg, Warren County, N.C.; one of the Roanoke Navigation & Water Power Company's canal and other properties; one of William J. Hawkins's pine lands in Moore, Richmond, and Montgomery counties, N.C.; one of the Ridgeway Company's land holdings in 1873; and an undated street and pipe-line map of Salisbury, N.C.

Folder 135-137 Folder 135 Folder 136 Folder 137	Correspondence and related papers, 1866
Folder 138-139 Folder 138 Folder 139	Correspondence and related papers, 1867
Folder 140-145 Folder 140 Folder 141 Folder 142 Folder 143 Folder 144 Folder 145	Correspondence and related papers, 1868
Folder 146-156 Folder 146 Folder 147 Folder 148 Folder 149 Folder 150 Folder 151 Folder 152 Folder 153 Folder 154 Folder 155 Folder 156	Correspondence and related papers, 1869
Folder 157-159 Folder 157 Folder 158 Folder 159	Correspondence and related papers, 1870
Folder 160	Correspondence and related papers, 1871
Folder 161-164 Folder 161 Folder 162 Folder 163 Folder 164	Correspondence and related papers, 1872
Folder 165-166 Folder 165 Folder 166	Correspondence and related papers, 1873
Folder 167	Correspondence and related papers, 1874
Folder 168-169 Folder 168 Folder 169	Correspondence and related papers, 1875
Folder 170	Correspondence and related papers, 1876
Folder 171	Correspondence and related papers, 1877
Folder 172	Correspondence and related papers, 1878
Folder 173-175 Folder 173 Folder 174 Folder 175	Correspondence and related papers, 1879
Folder 176	Correspondence and related papers, 1880
Folder 177	Correspondence and related papers, 1881
Folder 178-179 Folder 178 Folder 179	Correspondence and related papers, 1882
Folder 180-183 Folder 180 Folder 181 Folder 182 Folder 183	Correspondence and related papers, 1883
Folder 184	Correspondence and related papers, 1884-1885
Folder 185-186 Folder 185 Folder 186	Correspondence and related papers, 1886
Folder 187	Correspondence and related papers, 1887
Folder 188	Correspondence and related papers, 1888-1889
Folder 189	January-May 1890
Folder 190	Correspondence and related papers, June 1890-August 1891
Folder 191-194 Folder 191 Folder 192 Folder 193 Folder 194	Correspondence and related papers, Undated and fragments after 1865
Oversize Paper Folder OPF-322/8	Town plans and building specifications
Extra Oversize Paper Folder XOPF-322/1	Maps, building specifications, and blueprints

Expand/collapse Series 2. Volumes, 1801-1895 and undated.

233 items.

Arrangement: chronological.

Note that there is slight overlap in dates between subseries 2.1 and subseries 2.2.

Page counts typically exclude blank pages.

Expand/collapse Subseries 2.1. Volumes, 1801-1868.

53 items.

Arrangement: chronological.

Account books document plantation management and railroad building and include many records of enslavement, chiefly relating to the trafficking of enslaved people through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge.

NOTE: Account books that have been reviewed for content about enslaved people are noted below. Not all account books have been reviewed.

Folder 195	Volume 1, 1801-1805 72 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Account book with a copy of the will, 22 July 1801, of Philemon Hawkins (1717-1801) and accounts relating to the settlement of his estate by executors Philemon Hawkins (1752-1833) and John Hawkins (1744-1802). Enslaved people are mentioned on pages 5-10, 18-25 30-32, 34-35, 38, 42, 44, 45 (the trafficking of Nan and her 4 children, including Phil (born 21 February 1795), through sale to Benjamin Hawkins), 66. Some entries document the trafficking of enslaved people through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge.
Folder 196	Volume 2, 1813-1821 83 pp. Account book with miscellaneous memoranda and accounts of John D. Hawkins (1781-1858), including fees due county courts of Warren, Granville, and Franklin counties; wages paid; debts and loans; and cotton crop and salt work accounts.
Folder 197	Volume 3, 1815-1816 30 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Account book with miscellaneous accounts and memoranda, including some listing expenditures for provisions and numbers of hogs killed. Owner unknown. The trafficking of Davy, an enslaved person, through the hiring of his labor, skills, and knowledge, is mentioned on page 4.
Folder 198	Volume 4, 1820-1825 96 pp. Accounts of John D. Hawkins relating to his leather working, a teacher for his children, and other matters.
Folder 199	Volume 5, 1821 14 pp. Accounts for leather and other shop work. Owner unknown.
Folder 200	Volume 6, 1822 22 pp. Inventory of sale of the personal property belonging to Philemon Hawkins.
Oversize Volume SV-322/7	Volume 7, 1822-1825 354 pp. Ledger of Richard Russell, including accounts for general merchandise, produce, blacksmithing, and hauling. Richard Russell died intestate about 1825 and John D. Hawkins was the agent for his estate settlement.
Folder 201	Folder not used
Folder 202	Volume 8, 1823-1827 26 pp. Accounts of expenditures, possibly of Sherwood Haywood.
Oversize Volume SV-322/9	Volume 9, 1825-1826 98 pp. Ledger with index.
Folder 203	Folder not used
Folder 204	Volume 10, 1825-1846 96 total pp. Front to back, 1825-1832: accounts of Richard Russell's estate. Back to front, 1826-1846: accounts of John D. Hawkins for leather, lumber, teachers, etc.
Folder 205	Volume 11, 1826-1831 15 total pp. 1826-1829: account of Sherwood Haywood, agent, with Mark Cooke, teller, Bank of New Bern at Raleigh. 1830-1831: account of John D. Hawkins as executor of Sherwood Haywood's estate.
Oversize Volume SV-322/12	Volume 12, 1830-1841 57 total pp. 1830: daybook, McCorkle Gold Mining Company. 1838: records of the purchase of the plow factory at Sandy Creek Mill by John D. Hawkins from William B. Williams. 1838-1841: ledger containing plow factory accounts.
Folder 206	Folder not used
Folder 207	Volume 13, 1833 17 pp. Inventory of sale of the personal property belonging to Colonel Philemon Hawkins.
Oversize Volume SV-322/14	Volume 14, 1833-1850 270 total pp. 1833-1836: records of general merchandise purchased wholesale at New York for a story at Sparta. 1840: inventory of goods sent from store in Sparta to the railroad depot. 1841: records of a sale by W. J. Andrews. 1842-1850: accounts of John D. Hawkins and Richard Hines, at Henderson, N.C., for merchandise bought in New York and sold at auction.
Folder 208	Folder not used
Folder 209	Volume 15, 1837-1839 88 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: "Memorandum book for the Rail Road," containing financial and other records John D. Hawkins, of roadbed work and work done at the depot in Henderson. Much of the work was done by enslaved people who had been trafficked through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge. Enslaved people are mentioned on pages 4 (Surry, who was enslaved by Ellis Young, self-emancipated by running away on 24 September 1837), 7-18, 20, 22-24, 26, 28-30, 32, 42, 47, 50, 53, 56-58, 63, 65-69, 77-78, 82-83, 85-87
Folder 210	Volume 16, 1838-1848 47 total pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: 1842-1848: ledger of John D. Hawkins for labor, hides, lumber, brandy, etc. Enslaved people are mentioned on pages 5, 8b, 11 (list of enslaved people for whom shoes were made in 1843), 15, 30, 34, 36 (list of enslaved people for whom shoes were made in 1845). 1838-1847: account of Ann Johnson with executors of Joseph W. Hawkins's estate. The trafficking of enslaved people through hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge is documented on page 41. 1844-1847: accounts of John D. Hawkins as guardian of Lewis H. Russell. The trafficking of unidentified enslaved people through hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge is documented on page 44.
Folder 211	Volume 17, 1838-1852 234 pp. Memoranda and ledger book of John D. Hawkins, chiefly for the plow factory. Also included are a few recipes and miscellaneous personal memos.
Folder 212	Volume 18, 1839-1840 13 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Alexander Boyd Hawkins account book, chiefly accounts of shoes made for enslaved people by Charles, an enslaved cobbler.
Folder 213	Volume 19, 1842-1843 10 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: List of enslaved people and other personal property belonging to P. E. A. Jones and sold under trust made February 1842 for the benefit of John D. Hawkins and Wesley W. Young.
Folder 214	Volume 20, 1844-1851 95 pp. Accounts of merchandise purchased wholesale, possibly by Cheatham & Vaughan, at Petersburg and Henderson; tobacco and cotton sale accounts; and store accounts from Henderson. Entries appear in John D. Hawkins's handwriting and that of others.
Folder 215	Volume 21, 1846-1852 284 pp. Daybook for cash sales of general merchandise.
Folder 216	Volume 22, 1846-1852 66 pp. Record of hides received for tanning by Philemon Benjamin Hawkins of Franklin County.
Folder 217	Volume 23, 1848-1852 120 pp. "Shop Book" of William J. and John Andrews of Henderson, for blacksmithery and other iron work.
Folder 218	Volume 24, 1849-1850 362 pp. Henderson account book, possibly of William J. Andrews and John Andrews, with accounts for general merchandise, provisions, shoemaking, hides, iron and nails, hardware, plastering, watch repair, and tooth extraction.
Folder 219	Volume 25, 1851-1857 123 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Accounts relating to estates handled by John D. Hawkins. In the back of the book, there is a list of enslaved people who were trafficked through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge for work on the Central Railroad, 1852.
Folder 220	Volume 26, 1852-1853 163 pp. "Roanoke Valley Railroad, [Sylvanius] Johnson & [David] Bisset's Ledger," containing accounts with employees and officers of the company.
Folder 221	Volume 27, 1852-1856 27 total pp. 1852: Miscellaneous accounts of Bisset & Johnson of the Roanoke Valley Railroad. 1856: David Bisset's cash account on a South Carolina railroad contract.
Folder 222	Volume 28, 1853-1854 129 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Accounts of David Bisset, contractor, with workers at Little Nut Bush Bridge on the Roanoke Valley Railroad. Lists of workers who may have been enslaved are mentioned on pages 38-47, 55-58, 76-81, 84-87, 90-91, 94-110, 120-124.
Folder 223	Volume 29, 1855-1856 61 pp. Time rolls of workers employed by James Bain at Rockfield Quarry, Chesterfield County, Va.
Folder 224	Volume 30, 1856 29 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Accounts of Philemon B. Hawkins & Company for work on the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad. Enslaved people and their labor are documented on pages 6-7, 9-10, 19-21.
Folder 225	Volume 31, 1856 60 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Accounts of Philemon B. Hawkins & Company for work on the Raleigh & Gaston and the Petersburg & Weldon railroads. Enslaved people, and possibly free people of color, and their labor are documented on pages 2-13, 18-19, 46-50.
Folder 226	Volume 32, 1856-1857 107 pp. Ledger with accounts of David Bisset and/or Philemon Benjamin Hawkins for Raleigh & Gaston Railroad work.
Folder 227	Volume 33, 1856-1857 80 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Accounts of Philemon B. Hawkins & Company for work on the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad. Enslaved people, and possibly free people of color, and their labor are documented on pages 2, 6-41, 45, 50, 54, 58-60, 64-67, 70-72, 75.
Folder 228	Volume 34, 1856-1866 75 pp. Miscellaneous accounts of William J. Hawkins.
Folder 229	Volume 35, 1857-1858 27 pp. Cash paid out by Philemon Benjamin Hawkins for tobacco, clothing, sundries, etc., while working on the Blue Ridge Railroad in South Carolina.
Folder 230	Volume 36, 1857-1859 24 pp. Bisset & Hawkins accounts for general merchandise and provisions while working on the Blue Ridge Railroad in South Carolina. Also included are a few accounts of E. B. Benson & Sons.
Folder 231	Volume 37, 1858 122 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Bisset & Hawkins ledger containing accounts with laborers and with enslavers who trafficked enslaved people by hiring out their labor, skills, and knowledge for work on the Blue Ridge Railroad in South Carolina. Enslaved people are mentioned by name and collectively as "hands" on pages 2A, 2(r), 6(r), 11(l), 30(r), 31(r), 56(l,r), 60(l), 68(l,r), 74(r), 75(l,r), 80(l,r), 81(l,r), 108(l), 114(r).
Folder 232	Volume 38, 1858 46 pp. Accounts of N. F. Bardwell of the South Side Railroad for labor, coal, clothing, etc.
Folder 233	Volume 39, 1858-1866 105 pp. "Hawkins & Andrews" book of accounts of J. D. Hawkins & Company and A. B. Andrews for a tanning operation.
Oversize Volume SV-322/40	Volume 40, 1858-1860 145 pp. Accounts for general merchandise, clothing, blacksmithery, etc., with many entries relating to the Blue Ridge Railroad, South Carolina.
Folder 234	Folder not used
Folder 235	Volume 41, 1858 23 pp. Record of clothing, coal, sugar, etc., for workers on the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad.
Folder 236	Volume 42, 1858-1860 71 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Workers' time book, showing names and days worked on the Blue Ridge Railroad. Some of the workers likely were enslaved people. Workers are identified as "stonecutter" (p. 26) and "Black hands" (p. 30).
Folder 237	Volume 43, 1859 26 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Accounts with enslaved people for work and tobacco with daybook entries and ledger accounts for work on the Blue Ridge Railroad. Plugs of tobacco were apparently given in exchange for putting down holes (6 holes=$.18).
Folder 238	Volume 44, 1859-1861 69 pp. Tannery accounts of John D. Hawkins.
Oversize Volume SV-322/45	Volume 45, 1859-1862 165 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Plantation accounts, including records of enslaved people, of William J. Hawkins at Ridgeway, Warren County, N.C. Enslaved people are mentioned on pages 3a, 8a, 1-2 (list of births and ages of enslaved people), 4, 7, 30 (list of enslaved people on the farm in 1859), 31 (list of enslaved people who had been trafficked through hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge in 1859), 32 (list of enslaved people on the farm and who had been trafficked through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge in 1860), 50, 101.
Folder 239	Folder not used
Folder 240	Volume 46, 1859-1862 49 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Inventory and accounts of the estate of John D. Hawkins, who died 5 December 1858, William J. Hawkins, executor. The trafficking of enslaved people through sale, hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge, and inheritance, are documented in this volume. Enslaved people are mentioned on pages 11a, 1-3, 9-12, 19-20 (list of enslaved people trafficked by the will of John D. Hawkins), 29, 39-40 (list of enslaved people claimed in property by estate of John D. Hawkins).
Folder 241	Volume 47, 1860 57 pp. Records of enslavement and/or free people of color: Philemon Benjamin Hawkins's ledger for general accounts relating to work on the Blue Ridge Railroad, including the trafficking of enslaved people through the hiring out of their labor, skills, and knowledge. Enslaved people are mentioned on pages 4r, 19l,r, 20l, 21r, 24r, 25r, 26l.
Folder 242	Volume 48, 1860-1863 195 pp. Tannery ledger; owner unknown.
Folder 243	Volume 49, 1861-1863 85 pp. Record of wheat brought to mills owned by [Philemon?] Hawkins and flour sent to the Henderson railroad depot for shipment to soldiers in the field.
Folder 244	Volume 50, 1863-1865 87 pp. Record, perhaps kept by D. A. Hunt, of bags of wheat and flour received, sent, and given to the poor.
Oversize Volume SV-322/51	Volume 51, 1863-1868 112 total pages. Records of Reconstruction: 1863-1865: ledger with tannery accounts; includes a list of enslaved or formerly enslaved people for whom shoes were provided (page 2a). 1867-1868: miscellaneous accounts, including those of A. B. Andrews with laborers, some of whom may have been freed people, for provisions, etc., and with members of the Hawkins family.
Folder 245	Folder not used
Folder 246	Volume 52, 1865-1866 78 pp. Accounts involving barter for provisions and general merchandise and other accounts involving cash sales.
Folder 247	Volume 53, 1856-1857, 1865-1866 and undated 78 total pp. Records of enslavement and Records of Reconstruction: 1865-1866: ledger of A. B. Andrew with accounts with overseers and laborers, including employees' records at the ironworks and railroad ferry at Gaston. Enslaved people and freed people are documented on pages 5, 16, 23, 26, 28, 30, 32, 77-78. Undated: accounts of Philemon Benjamin Hawkins with Hawkins & Bisset and with Hawkins & Mordecai.

Expand/collapse Subseries 2.2. Volumes, 1866-1895.

180 items.

Arrangement: chronological.

Folder 248	Volume 54, 1866-1867 Accounts in individuals, perhaps a saleperson's record book.
Folder 249	Volume 55, 1867 Advisory book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company with instructions from clients in regard to selling.
Folder 250	Volume 56, 1867-1868 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 251	Volume 57, 1867-1868 Produce book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/58	Volume 58, 1867-1868 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/59	Volume 59, 1867-1868 Cash sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/60	Volume 60, 1867-1869 Ledger of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 252-254 Folder 252 Folder 253 Folder 254	Folder not used
Folder 255	Volume 61, 1867-1870 Invoice book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 256	Volume 62, 1867-1872 Ledger of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/63	Volume 63, 1867-1877 Sales and commission book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 257	Folder not used
Folder 258	Volume 64, 1867-1869 Colin M. Hawkins letter book, Columbia, S.C.
Folder 259	Volume 65, 1867-1870 Cotton book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 260	Volume 66, 1867-1868 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 261	Volume 67, 1868 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 262	Volume 68, 1868 Daybook listing wholesale shipments of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 263	Volume 69, 1868 Sales book for naval stores of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 264	Volume 70, 1868 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/71	Volume 71, 1868-1870 Index of names and petty cash ledger of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 265	Folder not used
Folder 266	Volume 72, 1868-1869 Invoice book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 267	Volume 73, 1868-1869 Land boundaries of Ridgeway, Warren County, N.C.
Folder 268	Volume 74, 1868-1870 Advisory book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/75	Volume 75, 1868-1872 Sales and commission book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/76	Volume 76, 1869-1871 Sales and commission book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 269-270 Folder 269 Folder 270	Folder not used
Folder 271	Volume 77, 1869-1870 Labor and freight accounts of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 272	Volume 78, 1869-1877 Land boundaries of Ridgeway, Warren County, N.C.
Folder 273	Volume 79, 1869 Daybook of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 274	Volume 80, 1869 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 275	Volume 81, 1869-1870 Daybook of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 276	Volume 82, 1868-1872 Drafts and bills of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/83	Volume 83, 1869-1872 Shipping book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 277	Folder not used
Folder 278	Volume 84, 1869 Daybook and general merchandise accounts of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 279	Volume 85, 1869-1870 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 280	Volume 86, 1869-1871 Cotton book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 281	Volume 87, 1869-1872. Household expenses of Martha Clark, who may have been employed by Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 281a	Volume 88, 1869-1870 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 282	Volume 89, 1869-1876 References and agreements book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 283	Volume 90, 1870 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 284	Volume 91, 1870 Daybook, owner unidentified.
Folder 285	Volume 92, 1870 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 286	Volume 93, 1870 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 287	Volume 94, 1870 Cotton warehouse record of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 288	Volume 95, 1870 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 289	Volume 96, 1870-1871 Journal of B. T. Williamson.
Folder 290	Volume 97, 1870-1872 Notification book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 291	Volume 98, 1870-1871 Cotton sample book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/99	Volume 99, 1870-1877 Cotton receiving book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 292	Folder not used
Folder 293	Volume 100, 1870 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 294	Volume 101, 1870-1871 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 295	Volume 102, 1870-1871 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 296	Volume 103, 1870 Fragment of cotton sales records of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/104	Volume 104, 1870-1872 Ledger of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 297	Folder not used
Folder 298	Volume 105, 1870-1877 Ledger, perhaps of Colin M. Hawkins.
Folder 299	Volume 106, 1871-1872 Telegraph book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 300	Volume 107, 1871 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 301	Volume 108, 1871 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 302	Volume 109, 1871 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 303	Volume 110, 1871 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 304	Volume 111, 1871 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 305	Volume 112, 1871 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 306	Volume 113, 1871 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 307	Volume 114, 1871-1872 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 308	Volume 115, 1871 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 309	Volume 116, 1871-1872 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/117	Volume 117, 1871-1874 Hawkins store accounts.
Folder 310	Folder not used
Folder 311	Volume 118, 1871-1875 1871: Colin M. Hawkins cash record. 1872-1875: Martha Clark household expenses.
Folder 312	Volume 119, 1872-1874 Advisory book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 313	Volume 120, 1872 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/121	Volume 121, 1872-1875 Cash book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 314	Folder not used
Folder 315	Volume 122, 1872-1875 Order book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 316	Volume 123, 1872-1876 Invoice book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/124	Volume 124, 1872-1877 Commission and sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/125	Volume 125, 1872-1877 Daybook of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 317-318 Folder 317 Folder 318	Folder not used
Folder 319	Volume 126, 1872 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 320	Volume 127, 1872-1873 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 321	Volume 128, 1872-1876 Charge account book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/129	Volume 129, 1872-1876 Ledger of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 322	Folder not used
Folder 323	Volume 130, 1873 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 324	Volume 131, 1873-1876 Telegraph book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 325	Volume 132, 1873-1876 Petty cash book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 326	Volume 133, 1873-1877 Letter book of Colin M. Hawkins.
Folder 327	Volume 134, 1873 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 328	Volume 135, 1874 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 329	Volume 136, 1874 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 330	Volume 137, 1874 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 331	Volume 138, 1874 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 332	Volume 139, 1874 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 333	Volume 140, 1874 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 334	Volume 141, 1874-1875 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 335	Volume 142, 1874-1875 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 336	Volume 143, 1874-1875 Advisory book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 337	Volume 144, 1875 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 338	Volume 145, 1875 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 339	Volume 146, 1875 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 340	Volume 147, 1875 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/148	Volume 148, 1875-1877 Cash book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 341	Folder not used
Folder 342	Volume 149, 1875-1877 Invoice book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 343	Volume 150, 1875 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 344	Volume 151, 1875-1876 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 345	Volume 152, 1875-1876 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 346	Volume 153, 1876-1877 Petty cash book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 347	Volume 154, 1876 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 348	Volume 155, 1876 Cotton book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 349	Volume 156, 1876-1877 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 350	Volume 157, 1876-1877 Telegraph book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 351	Volume 158, 1876-1879 Contract book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 352	Volume 159, 1876 Advisory book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 353	Volume 160, 1877 Almanac annotated in pencil with surveyor's notes.
Folder 354	Volume 161, 1877 Sales book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 355	Volume 162, 1877 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 356	Volume 163, 1877 Letter book of Colin M. Hawkins.
Folder 357	Volume 164, 1877-1878 Letter book of Colin M. Hawkins.
Folder 358	Volume 165, 1877-1880 Letter book of William J. Hawkins.
Folder 359	Volume 166, 1878-1879 Miscellaneous accounts of Colin M. and William J. Hawkins.
Folder 360	Volume 167, 1878 Letter book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 361	Volume 168, 1878 Law lecture notebook of Colin M. Hawkins.
Folder 362	Volume 169, 1878-1879 Cotton gin book, Ridgeway, N.C.
Folder 363	Volume 170, 1878-1882 Cash book of Hawkins, Williamson & Company.
Folder 364	Volume 171, 1879 Cotton gin book.
Folder 365	Volume 172, 1880-1881 Ledger of Colin M. Hawkins.
Folder 366	Volume 173, 1881 Accounts of B. S. Jerman, Ridgeway, N.C.
Folder 367	Volume 174, >1882-1883 Letter book of Colin M. Hawkins.
Folder 368	Volume 175, 1883-1884 Letter book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 369	Volume 176, 1883-1885 Letter book of C. M. Hawkins & Company and David Boyd.
Folder 370	Volume 177, 1883-1884 Daybook of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 371	Volume 178, 1883-1887 Minutes and organizational material of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 372	Volume 179, 1883-1884 Letter book of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/180	Volume 180, 1883-1885 Ledger.
Folder 373	Folder not used
Folder 374	Volume 181, 1883-1885 Day and sales book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 375	Volume 182, 1884. "Block book" of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 376	Volume 183, 1884 Letter book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 377	Volume 184, 1884 Letter book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 378	Volume 185, 1884-1885. Letter book of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 379	Volume 186, 1884-1886 Letter book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 380	Volume 187, 1884-1887 Letter book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 381	Volume 188, 1884-1885 Day and petty cash book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 382	Volume 189, 1884 Telegraph book of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 383	Volume 190, 1885-1886 Letter book of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 384	Volume 191, 1885-1887 Minutes of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 385	Volume 192, 1885-1886 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 386	Volume 193, 1885-1887 Daybook of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 387	Volume 194, 1885-1886 Order book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 388	Volume 195, 1885-1887 Daybook of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 389	Volume 196, 1885-1887 Ledger of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 390	Volume 197, 1885-1888 Letter book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 391	Volume 198, 1886-1890 Bills, receipts, scrapbook of Raleigh Gas Light Company.
Folder 392	Volume 199, 1886 Order book of Pioneer Manufacturing Company.
Folder 393	Volume 200, 1886-1889 Storage record book of Citizens Trust Company.
Folder 394	Volume 201, 1886-1889 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 395	Volume 202, 1886-1889 Order book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 396	Volume 203, 1886 Time book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 397	Volume 204, 1886-1889 Letter book of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 398	Volume 205, 1887-1889 Rent book.
Folder 399	Volume 206, 1887 Minutes of Raleigh Manufacturing Company.
Folder 400	Volume 207, 1887-1889 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 401	Volume 208, 1887-1889 Rent book.
Folder 402	Volume 209, 1888-1889 Shipping book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 403	Volume 210, 1888-1891 Account book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 404	Volume 211, 1888-1891 Castle Hayne and Rocky River farm account of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 405	Volume 212, 1888-1891 Castle Hayne farm account of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 406	Volume 213, 1889 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 407	Volume 214, 1889-1890 Letter book of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 408	Volume 215, 1889-1891 Daybook of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/216	Volume 216, 1889-1895 Order book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 409	Folder not used
Folder 410	Volume 217, 1889-1891 Time book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 411	Volume 218, 1890 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 412	Volume 219, 1890 Land company payment book.
Folder 413	Volume 220, 1890-1891 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Oversize Volume SV-322/221	Volume 221, 1890-1894 Bills, receipts, scrapbook of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 414	Folder not used
Folder 415	Volume 222, 1890 Letter book of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 416	Volume 223, 1891 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 417	Volume 224, 1891-1892 Letter book of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 418	Volume 225, 1891-1892 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 419	Volume 226, 1892-1893 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 420	Volume 227, 1893-1894 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 421	Volume 228, 1894-1895 Letter book of North Carolina Phosphate Company.
Folder 422	Volume 229, undated Bonds and other materials.
Folder 423	Volume 230, undated Code of C. M. Hawkins & Company.
Folder 424	Volume 231, undated Index.
Oversize Volume SV-322/232	Volume 232, undated Index.
Folder 425	Folder not used
Folder 426	Volume 233, undated Genealogical notes on the Hawkins and Polk families.

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Collection Number: 00322 Collection Title: Hawkins Family Papers, 1738-1895

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Expand/collapse Series 1. Correspondence and Related Material, 1738-1893.

Expand/collapse Subseries 1.1. Correspondence and Related Material, 1738-1865.

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Collection Number: 00322

Collection Title: Hawkins Family Papers, 1738-1895