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Size | 3.5 feet of linear shelf space (approximately 4650 items) |
Abstract | Lewis Thompson was a white enslaver and owner of Broadneck, Ben Butt, Hickory Neck, and Gorden's plantations near Woodville (also called Hotel) in Bertie and Halifax counties, N.C., and of the family's plantations in Bayou Boeuf, near Alexandria, Rapides Parish, La. Papers before 1840 consist chiefly of land grants, deeds, bills of sale for enslaved people, and estate papers of Thompson's Pugh, Williams, Clark, Thompson, and Urquhart relations. Estate papers include many wills, receipts, and accounting materials that document the trafficking of enslaved people through buying and selling of them as human property; hiring out their labor, skills, and knowledge, including midwifery services; and payments for crops they raised and for medical care. There is also a group of papers relating to land the Tuscarora leased to Thomas Pugh and others. Business papers, circa 1840-1871, of Lewis Thompson, consist of correspondence about plantation management, including work performed, acts of resistance, punishment, and health concerns of enslaved people; accounts; receipts for hiring out of enslaved people; lists of enslaved people; sharecropper and laborer contracts and accounts with freed people; and other documents relating to the production of cotton and wheat in Bertie County, N.C., to sugar in Rapides Parish, La., and to the sale of crops through factors in New York, Norfolk, New Orleans, and Baltimore. There is also a considerable amount of correspondence relating to Lewis Thompson's role as executor of many estates, particularly that of his father-in-law, William M. Clark, who was also an enslaver, and to Thompson's investments with brokers in New York. Although Thompson was also a political leader in North Carolina, serving in the House of Commons and State Senate, 1831-1852, and as a member of the General Convention of 1865, and a trustee of the University of North Carolina from 1848 until his death, there are few papers relating to his political career or to his involvement in university affairs. Papers after Thompson's death in 1867 relate chiefly to the activities of his son, Thomas W. Thompson, who took over his father's North Carolina business affairs. The plantations in Louisiana had been run by Thomas's brother William for many years before their father's death. |
Creator | Thompson, Lewis, 1808-1867. |
Curatorial Unit | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection. |
Language | English |
Processed by: Roslyn Holdzkom, October 1990, March 1995 with the assistance of Janna Sayle
Encoded by: ByteManagers Inc., 2008
Conscious Editing updates by Nancy Kaiser, October 2022: abstract, subject headings, biographical note, scope and content, and container list.
Since August 2017, we have added ethnic and racial identities for individuals and families represented in collections. To determine identity, we rely on self-identification; other information supplied to the repository by collection creators or sources; public records, press accounts, and secondary sources; and contextual information in the collection materials. Omissions of ethnic and racial identities in finding aids created or updated after August 2017 are an indication of insufficient information to make an educated guess or an individual's preference for identity information to be excluded from description. When we have misidentified, please let us know at wilsonlibrary@unc.edu.
Back to TopThe following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.
Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.
The white Thompson family of Bertie County, North Carolina, appears to be descended from Hezikiah Thompson, who died in Bertie County in 1771. Because his will lists much land in South Carolina, it is possible that Hezikiah came to Bertie County from that state.
Hezikiah Thompson had six sons: Noah, Arthur, Rubin, and William, apparently by his first wife, and Hezekiah Jr. (d. 1820) and Thomas (d. circa 1827) by his second wife. Thomas Thompson was Lewis Thompson's father. Lewis Thompson (1808-1867) was born in 1808 and graduated with honors from the University of North Carolina (A.B., 1827; A.M., 1832). He went on to acquire Broadneck, Ben Butt, Hickory Neck, and Gorden's plantations near Woodville (also called Hotel), Bertie County, and in Rapides Parish, Louisiana. It appears that most of Thompson's Louisiana land was acquired through his father-in-law, William M. Clark, who had purchased these lands shortly before his death in 1837. From around 1849 to 1858, these sugar plantations seem to have been managed in Thompson's behalf by his brother-in-law Kenneth M. Clark. Around 1858, when Moore Rawls took over the day-to-day management, William Thompson, Lewis's younger son, appears to have taken up permanent residence on the family's Louisiana lands. His brother, Thomas W. Thompson, gradually took over the management of the Bertie County plantations. The brothers appear to have remained on their respective plantations after their father's death.
In addition to his plantations, Thompson made many investments, chiefly through bankers in New York. During the Civil War, he was a heavy investor in Confederate bonds. Thompson was also a political leader in North Carolina, serving in the House of Commons and the State Senate, 1831-1852, and as a member of the General Convention of 1865. He was a trustee of the University of North Carolina from 1848 until his death in 1867.
Lewis Thompson's wife, Margaret Ann Cathcart Clark (fl. 1840s-1880s) was a daughter of William M. Clark and Martha Bodie Williams (d. circa 1843). Lewis and Margaret had four children: sons Thomas W. and William and daughters Pattie and Mary. Pattie appears to have died shortly before 1867; Mary eventually married Burges Urquhart and was the mother of the donor of these papers.
Back to TopThese papers relate almost exclusively to slavery and business affairs, a very high proportion of them being bills of sale for enslaved people, deeds, copies of deeds, and receipts. They document primarily the plantation activities of Lewis Thompson and his sons William in Louisiana and Thomas W., who remained in Bertie County. There are also many items relating to members of the Clark, Pugh, Williams, and Urquhart families. The Clark family is the most represented, with much material relating to the activities of Thompson's father-in-law William M. Clark, and, after 1837, to his estate for which Lewis Thompson was executor. The people who were enslaved by these families are found throughout the collection and in some cases repeatedly through the decades.
Some of the earliest records relate to land in Bertie County belonging to the Tuscarora that was leased to Thomas Pugh and others. Between 1812 and the 1830s, much of the material concerns the buying and selling of enslaved people who supplied the labor skills and knowledge for Broadneck, Ben Butt, Hickory Neck, and Gorden's plantations in Bertie County, N.C., and for the family's plantations in Rapides Parish, La. From 1840 to 1871, materials document the cultivation and marketing of cotton and wheat in Bertie County, and of sugar in Rapides Parish, and the management of an enslaved work force in both states. Letters describe work performed, acts of resistance, punishment, and health concerns of enslaved people. After the Civil War, there are contracts and accounts with laborers and sharecroppers, many of whom were previously enslaved by Thompson.
As Thompson appears to have specialized in being named executor of the estates of his relatives and friends, there is a large amount of material, including papers and volumes, relating to estate settlements, and much of it concerns enslaved people who were claimed as property of the estates. Wills, receipts, and accounting materials document the trafficking of enslaved people through buying and selling of them as human property; hiring out their labor, skills, and knowledge, including midwifery services; and payments for crops they raised and for medical care.
Although Thompson was active in North Carolina politics for most of his life, there is very little of a political nature in this collection, and, although he was a trustee of the University of North Carolina for twenty years, there is even less about the University. Starting around 1856, there are some personal letters, but the bulk of the papers discuss business affairs.
The collection consists of a series of correspondence, legal and financial materials, and other papers, arranged in a roughly chronological run and divided into subseries according to dates that mark significant changes in subject or type of materials, followed by a series of eight volumes that are chiefly Lewis Thompson's account books. Volumes been ordered chronologically by the last date appearing in the volume.
A series of 31 Confederate bonds issued through the state of North Carolina, in $500 and $1000 denominations, with many coupons intact, was transferred to folder 4 of 4672. Miscellaneous Currency. Although no names appear on the bonds, they were surely the property of Lewis Thompson.
Back to TopArrangement: roughly chronological.
Correspondence, legal and financial materials, and other papers relating to Lewis Thompson, his sons Thomas W. Thompson and William Thompson, to their Clark, Pugh, Williams, and Urquhart relatives, and to people enslaved by these families.
Chiefly originals and copies of deeds, indentures, wills, and bills of sale for enslaved people. The earliest items are largely hand-drawn plats of land in Bertie County, North Carolina. In this subseries, there is documentation of most of the white families represented in this collection, but especially to the Pugh, Clark, and Williams families. There is also documentation of dozens of people who were enslaved by these families. The relationship between the Lewis Thompson mentioned in items dated before the Lewis Thompson after whom the collection is named came of age is unclear.
Folder 1 |
Papers, 1723-1798Records of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
|
Extra Oversize Paper XOP-716/1 |
Deed: land granted to George House in Bertie County, N.C., 27 November 1760 |
Folder 2 |
Papers, 1801-1810Records of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
|
Extra Oversize Paper XOP-716/2 |
Plat: land allotted to Tuscarora in Bertie County, 26 July 1806 |
Folder 3 |
Papers, 1811-1820Beginning in 1811, there are records of many purchases and sales of enslaved people by various relatives of Lewis Thompson, and, later, by Thompson himself. The trafficking of enslaved people was especially high around 1818-1819. Records of enslavement include:
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Folder 4 |
Papers, 1821-1827Records of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 5 |
Papers, 1828-1833Records of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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While materials relating to North Carolina predominate, Thompson's Louisiana connections are first seen in a letter dated 30 January 1834 (described below). During this period, there is much activity in settling estates, particularly that of Thompson's father-in-law, William M. Clark, who died in 1837 after buying land in Louisiana. It is not clear whether or not Thompson had connections with Louisiana sugar production before he became executor of Clark's will, but settlement of Clark's seemingly complicated dealings in Louisiana certainly increased Thompson activity in that state. Beginning in 1840, there are many letters to Thompson from cotton factors in Norfolk. Most of these letters give routine information on numbers of cotton bales sold during specific periods. There is also a great deal of estate settlement going on during this time, especially the estate of John Ruffin in the mid-1840s.
In this subseries, enslaved people are documented in bills of sale, wills, and receipts for clothing and food supplies, policing acts of resistance such as running away, and the hiring out their labor, skills, and knowledge, including midwifery services. Many of the enslaved people were connected to William Clark and to the John Ruffin estate.
Folder 6 |
Papers, 1834-1836Records of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 7 |
Papers, 1837-1840Records of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 8 |
Papers, 1841-1843Records of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 9 |
Papers, 1844Records of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
|
Folder 10 |
Papers, 1845 January-MarchRecords of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 11 |
Papers, 1845 April-DecemberRecords of enslavement include:
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Folder 12 |
Papers, 1846Records of enslavement include:
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Folder 13 |
Papers, 1847-1848Records of enslavement:
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The purchase of William M. Clark's two sugar plantations and enslaved people to provide the labor, skills, and knowledge to operate them in 1849 signaled increased activity for Lewis Thompson in that state. The volume of materials relating to his Louisiana interests increases dramatically during this period, as Thompson strived first to resolve legal and financial entanglements involving Clark's estate and then to get on with the business of producing sugar. By the mid-1850s, documents relating to Louisiana far outnumber those pertaining to North Carolina. During this period, there is also much material that illustrates the increasing scope of Thompson's operations. These consist chiefly of a large number of bills and statements from factors and brokers, among them Bogart & Foley (later Bogart, Foley & Avery and, still later, Foley, Avery & Company) in New Orleans; Kada Biggs & Company in Norfolk; and John Cunningham in New York.
Beginning in 1849 and continuing until around 1858, there are many letters from Kenneth M. Clark to Lewis Thompson, all of which were written from Bayou Boeuf, Rapides County, Louisiana, and relate to the running of Thompson's sugar plantations. Clark (b. 1827) was Thompson's brother-in-law. He was apparently retained by Thompson to manage the Louisiana plantations.
Folder 14 |
Papers, 1849Records of enslavement included:
Other items of interest include:
|
Folder 15 |
Papers, 1850Records of enslavement include:
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Folder 16 |
Papers, 1851Items of interest include:
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Folder 17 |
Papers, 1852 January-March |
Folder 18 |
Papers, 1852 April-DecemberRecords of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 19 |
Papers, 1853 January-MarchItems of interest include:
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Folder 20 |
Papers, 1853 April-SeptemberItems of interest include:
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Folder 21 |
Papers, 1853 October-December |
Folder 22 |
Papers, 1854 January-MarchItems of interest include:
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Folder 23 |
Papers, 1854 April-JuneRecords of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 24 |
Papers, 1854 July-DecemberItems of interest include:
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Folder 25 |
Papers, 1855 January-February |
Folder 26 |
Papers, 1855 March-April |
Folder 27 |
Papers, 1855 May-September |
Folder 28 |
Papers, 1855 October-December |
Around 1857, Moore Rawls appears to have succeeded Kenneth M. Clark in the day-to-day running of Thompson's Louisiana sugar plantations. Although there is an occasional letter from Clark, there are many letters about plantation operations from Rawls to Thompson. Rawls's letters include description of management and welfare of the enslaved people, including work performed, acts of resistance, punishment, and health concerns.
Also beginning in 1857, there are many letters from Lewis Thompson's son William, who appears to have taken up permanent residence on the family's Louisiana plantations. Letters from April-May 1857, are from Thomas W. Thompson at Bayou Boeuf, La., reporting back to his father, Lewis Thompson in Bertie County, N.C., on conditions on the family plantations in Louisiana.
Beginning in 1856, while materials are still chiefly financial and legal, there are also a number of letters about political issues. There are also, in 1857, several items relating to Thompson's activities in the Seaboard Agricultural Society of Virginia and North Carolina. There are also a few letters relating to family affairs, particularly from Thompson's daughters at St. Mary's School in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Folder 29 |
Papers, 1856 January-AprilItems of interest include:
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Folder 30 |
Papers, 1856 May-July |
Folder 31 |
Papers, 1856 August-December |
Folder 32 |
Papers, 1857 January-MayRecords of enslavement include:
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Folder 33 |
Papers, 1857 June-AugustRecords of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 34 |
Papers, 1857 September-OctoberRecords of enslavement include:
|
Folder 35 |
Papers, 1857 November-December |
Extra Oversize Paper XOP-716/3 |
Poster: Third Annual Fair and Exhibition of the Seaboard Agricultural Society of Virginia and North Carolina, Norfolk, Va., 10-13 November 1857 |
Folder 36 |
Papers, 1858 January |
Folder 37 |
Papers, 1858 February |
Folder 38 |
Papers, 1858 March |
Folder 39 |
Papers, 1858 April-June |
Folder 40 |
Papers, 1858 July-October |
Folder 41 |
Papers, 1858 November-DecemberItems of interest include:
|
Folder 42 |
Papers, 1859 January-February |
Folder 43 |
Papers, 1859 March-MayItems of interest include:
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Folder 44 |
Papers, 1859 June-September |
Folder 45 |
Papers, 1859 October-DecemberRecords of enslavement include:
|
Folder 46 |
Papers, 1860 January |
Folder 47 |
Papers, 1860 FebruaryRecords of enslavement include:
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Folder 48 |
Papers, 1860 March-AprilRecords of enslavement include:
Other items of interest include:
|
Folder 49 |
Papers, 1860 May-JuneItems of interest include: 18 May 1860: Letter notifying Lewis Thompson of his selection as a senator from Bertie County to the General Assembly in Raleigh. A small number of items that mention politics appearing throughout 1860. |
Folder 50 |
Papers, 1860 July-SeptemberItems of interest include:
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Folder 51 |
Papers, 1860 October-December |
Folder 52 |
Undated letters and fragments, probably prior to 1861 |
A certain amount of nervousness and anticipation of hard times to come cloud materials from 1861, although direct mention of the Civil War is rarely found. There is a letter, dated 2 June 1861, from Thomas Thompson, who was apparently in the army at the time. Soon, however, he seems to have returned to Bertie County, where he remained with his father throughout the conflict. William Thompson spent the war years in Bayou Boeuf, Louisiana, and Pattie and Mary remained at St. Mary's School in Raleigh. The biggest change wrought by the war in this collection is in terms of volume of material, which falls off dramatically in 1862 and becomes little more than a trickle in 1863 and 1864. Immediately following the war's end, there are many items documenting Lewis Thompson's efforts to reestablish his financial network. Soon enough, the collection resumes its pre-war character, with only some changes in the names of bankers (Duncan, Sherman & Company in New York) and merchants (James Corner & Sons in Baltimore) and the introduction of shipping cotton through Baltimore instead of exclusively through Norfolk. The new order of things is best illustrated by sharecropping and laborer contracts and accounts for freed people and in letters from William, who was having a hard time getting the Louisiana plantation back on track with hired labor. During this period, there is a scattering of letters bearing on political issues, particularly around 1866. Lewis Thompson appears to have died in early December 1867; many materials dated after December 16 are addressed to his executors (Margaret, Thomas, and William).
Folder 53 |
Papers, 1861 January-FebruaryItems of interest include: 23 January 1861: Letter from Kenneth M. Clark in Baton Rouge to Lewis Thompson about Louisiana's leaving the Union. |
Folder 54 |
Papers, 1861 March |
Folder 55 |
Papers, 1861 April-JuneItems of interest include:
|
Folder 56 |
Papers, 1861 July-December |
Folder 57 |
Papers, 1862 |
Folder 58 |
Papers, 1863-1864Items of interest include:
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Folder 59 |
Papers, 1865 January-JulyRecords of formerly enslaved people include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 60 |
Papers, 1865 August-DecemberItems of interest include:
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Folder 61 |
Papers, 1866 January-February |
Folder 62 |
Papers, 1866 March-April |
Folder 63 |
Papers, 1866 May-June |
Folder 64 |
Papers, 1866 July-September |
Folder 65 |
Papers, 1866 October-DecemberItems of interest include:
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Folder 66 |
Papers, 1867 January-February |
Folder 67 |
Papers, 1867 March-April |
Folder 68 |
Papers, 1867 May-JuneRecords of formerly enslaved people include:
|
Folder 69 |
Papers, 1867 July-AugustRecords of formerly enslaved people include:
Other items of interest include:
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Folder 70 |
Papers, 1867 September-DecemberItems of interest include:
|
Lewis Thompson's death appears to have had little effect on family affairs; materials after 1868 show that the business relationships established under Lewis were, by and large, continued by his son Thomas. Beginning in 1868, there are papers relating to the estate of Lewis Thompson, but the number of which diminishes significantly after 1869. During this period, there are few references to Louisiana, where, it appears, William C. Thompson was operating independently from his brother. Beginning in the late 1860s and continuing to April 1883, however, there are items relating to the settlement of a court case involving some of Lewis Thompson's Louisiana property and his children's attempt to insure the equitable division of the proceeds from the sale of that land. In general, the Thompson family appears to have prospered under Thomas W. Thompson's guidance; throughout this period, there are many letters to Thomas from neighbors and relatives requesting loans and outright gifts of money and land. Correspondence is very slight after mid-1871, but, even into 1874, there is evidence that Thomas W. Thompson was still active in acquiring land to add to the wealth amassed by his father.
Extra Oversize Paper XOP-716/4 |
Broadside: Tribute to Lewis Thompson by the Bertie Court, circa 1868 |
Folder 71 |
Papers, 1868 January-FebruaryThroughout 1868 there are many letters from P.H. Winston in Windsor, North Carolina, who was managing the business affairs of Thomas W. Thompson. Winston may have been Thompson's lawyer, since he appears to have had much to say about the Louisiana property case. |
Folder 72 |
Papers, 1868 March-April |
Folder 73 |
Papers, 1868 May-JulyItems of interest include:
|
Folder 74 |
Papers, 1868 August-October |
Folder 75 |
Papers, 1868 November-December |
Folder 76 |
Papers, 1869 January-February |
Folder 77 |
Papers, 1869 March-April |
Folder 78 |
Papers, 1869 May-JulyItems of interest include:
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Folder 79 |
Papers, 1869 August-December |
Folder 80 |
Papers, 1870 January-FebruaryItems of interest include:
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Folder 81 |
Papers, 1870 March-June |
Folder 82 |
Papers, 1870 July-SeptemberItems of interest include:
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Folder 83 |
Papers, 1870 October-December |
Folder 84 |
Papers, 1871 January-FebruaryJanuary-May includes several letters from J. Adalaide Oertel, wife of J. A. Oertel, minister and painter of Lenoir, North Carolina, to Margaret Thompson about her husband's art and ministry. |
Folder 85 |
Papers, 1871 March-December |
Folder 86 |
Papers, 1872-1879Items of interest include:
|
Folder 89 |
Papers, 1878-1879 |
Folder 87 |
Papers, 1880-1894 |
Folder 90 |
Papers, 1880-1894 |
Folder 88 |
Undated and fragments, probably after 1860 |
Folder 91 |
Undated and fragments, probably after 1860 |
Arrangement: chronological by last date in volume.
Volumes relating to Lewis and Thomas W. Thompson, containing business, personal, and estate accounts. Many enslaved and freed people are documented in these volumes.
Folder 92 |
Account book of Lewis Thompson, 1827-1836Contains records of payments for goods and services and entries relating to the settlement of various estates. There are some expenses related to slavery, including payments for bail for enslaved people who had been jailed, for crops raised by enslaved people, for hiring of enslaved people from other enslavers, and for clothing and other supplies for enslaved people. 73 pages |
Folder 93 |
Account book of Lewis Thompson as executor of the estate of William M. Clark, 1837-1840Includes an inventory of the human and physical property of the estate. There were 21 enslaved people claimed as property of the estate at the plantation and residence in Halifax County. There were 63 enslaved people claimed as property at the plantation and winter residence, including 7 people working at the house, 4 carpenters, and 2 sawyers. There were 25 enslaved people at the Ben Butt plantation, which was named for an enslaved person known as Old Ben (although not the Old Ben of the plantation in Rapides Parish, La.). There were 76 enslaved people at the Broadneck plantation in the Indian Woods. There were 2 enslaved people working on board the Indian Queen boat. An enslaved man named Arthur was hired out to B. Maitland in Plymouth, and there were two other enslaved people hired out in Martin County. The volume also documents payments made to enslaved people for crops grown and the trafficking of enslaved people by sale and hiring out. At the back of the volume is a copy of Martha B. Clark's statement concerning the property she inherited from her deceased husband William M. Clark. Included is a list of the people for whom she became the enslaver at Mansion House, the summer residence in Halifax County; the plantation on Great Creek, formerly the property of A. Wyche; at the winter residence in Bertie County, which had been purchased from Augustus Pugh, and at a smaller tract of land purchased from John Green. 35 pages There are also lists of the 47 enslaved people sent to Louisiana on 13 September 1837 and the 38 enslaved people sent to Louisiana in September 1841. |
Folder 94-95
Folder 94Folder 95 |
Account book of Lewis Thompson as executor of the estate of William M. Clark and guardian of David and Gavin H. Clark, 1850-1857Included are charges for hiring out and medical expenses for enslaved people, as well as several lists of enslaved people and their ages. There is also a charge for a coffin made for Betty (page 25). |
Folder 96 |
Lewis Thompson's timber and personal accounts, 1861-1862Lewis Thompson's 1861 timber accounts and a few general accounts, including payments for food supplies for enslaved people and to Old Rose for midwife services. 18 pages. |
Folder 97 |
Lewis Thompson's memorandum book, 1865-1866Chiefly lists cash paid to or owed by freed people who were hired as sharecroppers for goods and services. 19 pages. |
Folder 98 |
Account book, 1861-1867Chiefly accounts with freed people who became sharecroppers or who were skilled workers such as the cook, shoemaker, and carpenter, 1866-1867. Credits were given for cotton picked and other labor; charges were for supplies, as well as marriage licenses, leaving the plantation to preach, and other instances of lost work. Also includes records of Lewis Thompson's accounts with the Exchange Bank of Virginia, 1861-1864. 36 pages. |
Folder 99 |
Account book, 1867Contains Thomas W. Thompson's household and personal accounts. 18 pages. |
Folder 100 |
Account book, 1870-1879Account book containing Thomas W. Thompson's accounts with Kada Biggs & Company and James Corner &Sons for cotton shipped and other business transactions. About 100 pages. |
Confederate bearer bonds, issued through the state of North Carolina, in $500 and $1000 denominations, with many coupons intact. Although no names appear on the bonds, they were surely the property of Lewis Thompson. [Transferred to Miscellaneous Currency, #4672]