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This collection has access restrictions. For details, please see the restrictions.
This collection has use restrictions. For details, please see the restrictions.
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in our reading room, and not digitally available through the World Wide Web. See the Duplication Policy section for more information.
Preservation of and access to the sound recordings in the Penn School Papers were made possible through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
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Collection Overview
| Size | 38.5 feet of linear shelf space (approximately 15,500 items) |
| Abstract | The Penn School on Saint Helena Island, S.C., was founded during the Civil War by northern philanthropists and white missionaries for former enslaved individuals in an area occupied by the United States Army. Over the years, with continuing philanthropic support, it served as school, health agency, and cooperative society for rural African Americans of the Sea Islands. The first principals were Laura M. Towne and Ellen Murray, followed around 1908 by Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House, and in 1944 by Howard Kester and Alice Kester. The school closed in 1948 and became Penn Community Services in 1951, with Courtney Siceloff as the first director. The original deposits are papers, mostly 1900-1950 and primarily correspondence of the directors and of the trustees, treasurers, and publicity workers located elsewhere, and photographs. Topics include emancipation, African American education, Reconstruction, political and social change in South Carolina, agricultural extension work, public health issues, damage from hurricanes, World War I and World War II, the boll weevil and the cotton industry, the effects of the Great Depression on the school and the local population, changes in the school leading to a greater emphasis on social action in the outer world, and the end of the school and the turn to community service. Volumes include diaries, extracts from letters, recollections, minutes of the board of trustees, ledgers, cashbooks, inventories, financial records, registers of students and teachers, and minutes of various clubs and societies. Printed materials consists of newspapers clippings, pamphlets, promotional literature, school materials, administrative circulars, and annual reports. There are also about 3,000 photographs in the collection, dating from the 1860s to 1953 (bulk 1905-1944), documenting school activities, Island scenes and Islanders, classes and teachers, baptisms, agricultural activities, parades, fairs, and special events at the Penn School. The Addition of November 2012 includes papers, volumes, printed materials, photographs, audio recordings, and film that are similar in scope and content to the original deposit. Also included is a copy of De Nyew Testament, the Gullah translation of the New Testament (2005). |
| Creator | Penn School (Saint Helena Island, S.C.) |
| Curatorial Unit | Southern Historical Collection |
| Language | English |
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Information For Users
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Processing Information
Processed by: Manuscripts Department Staff, 1977-1997, 2003, 2005, 2011, 2015.
Encoded by: Roslyn Holdzkom, May 2003; Nathalie Wheaton, November 2005.
Updated for digitization by: Amanda Loeb, August 2013.
Note that much of this finding aid is based on description written for the Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Penn School Papers, 1862-1976 (1977), Carolyn Wallace, Project Director; Ellen Barrier Neal, project supervisor; Joseph A. Herzenberg, editor of manuscripts; Lawrence S. Earley, editor of photographs; Edith M. Dabbs, consultant. Included are a few notes on materials not included in the microfilm edition.
Preservation of and access to the sound recordings in the Penn School Papers were made possible through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. These sound recordings were transferred to Penn Center, Inc. Records (#5539) in August 2015.
Diacritics and other special characters have been omitted from this finding aid to facilitate keyword searching in web browsers.
Updated by Nancy Kaiser, February 2016. Materials dated 1949 and later that document Penn Community Services, the successor to the Penn School, were transferred to the Penn Center, Inc. Records (#5539) in August 2015. These materials were removed from Series 1.5, 4.2.8, 6, 7, and 8.
Updated: April 2019; February 2020; September 2022; October 2022
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Subject Headings
The following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.
Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.
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Related Collections
Penn Center, Inc. Records (05539) Penn Center of the Sea Islands, formerly Penn Community Services, is located on St. Helena Island, S.C., and is the site of the former Penn School, founded in 1862 as one of the country's first schools for freed slaves. The Penn Board of Trustees closed the school in 1948 but three years later reconstituted Penn as a center for community development and conference site for organizations working to advance African American causes or in support of equality, education, welfare, and other social issues. In the late twentieth century, Penn's mission evolved to include a focus on promoting and preserving the history and culture of the Sea Islands, S.C. Records document the administrative operations and cultural heritage activities of Penn Community Services and Penn Center of the Sea Islands.
Some records, photographs, films, and sound recordings in this collection were transferred from the Penn School Papers (03615) to the Penn Center, Inc. Records (05539) in 2015. Transferred materials include records of Executive Director Courtney Siceloff; correspondence, reports, pamphlets, notes, minutes, and clippings related to the United States Commission on Civil Rights and its state advisory committees; recordings of oral history interviews, group discussions, interviews, music and storytelling performances, community meetings, church meetings, community sings, and other events; and films.
William A. Clement Papers (04024)
Edith M. Dabbs Collection of Papers Relating to Saint Helena Island, S.C. (04285)
James McBride Dabbs Papers (03816)
W. W. H. Davis Papers (03096)
John Edwin Fripp Papers (00869)
George H. Johnston Papers (04273)
Howard Kester Papers (03834)
Martha Schofield Papers (00999)
David Franklin Thorpe Papers (04262)
Marion A. Wright Papers (03830)
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Historical Information
Penn School had its origins in the Port Royal Experiment, which began in Beaufort, S.C., in April 1862. Slavery had ended there in November 1861, when Federal naval forces, after the battle of Port Royal Sound, seized Beaufort and the archipelago stretching from Charleston to Savannah, Ga. These Islands, the site of long-staple cotton agriculture, were populated largely by the blacks who planted, cultivated and harvested this valuable crop. In spite of their investment on the Islands, the white planters and slaveholders abandoned their slaves and plantations and fled to Confederate territory upon the arrival of the Union forces. The task of the more than 50 abolitionists of the Port Royal Experiment, who arrived on the Sea Islands in April 1862, was to begin where the planters had left the slaves, to tutor the freedmen out of slavery and into freedom.
The members of this abolitionist expedition were a mixed group, from Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and elsewhere in the North, affiliated with several freedmen's aid societies and Protestant churches, trained in various professions to work among the black agricultural laborers of the South, but all committed to emancipation of the slaves as the paramount objective of the Civil War then being waged. Among this group was Laura M. Towne (1825-1901) of Philadelphia, representative of the Port Royal Relief Committee of Philadelphia, trained to some extent in medicine and dedicated to Garrisonian abolitionism. Soon after her arrival in Beaufort, Laura Towne moved to nearby Saint Helena Island, the largest of the Sea Islands, where she would live and work for the next four decades. In June 1862, she was joined by Ellen Murray (1834-1908), her friend from Newport, R.I. While Towne at first devoted her time to the medical needs of Saint Helena people, she soon began to join Murray in the work of teaching school, first in a room in their house on the Oaks Plantation and later in Brick Church at Frogmore, near the center of Saint Helena.
The history of the Penn School dates from 18 June 1862, Ellen Murray's first day teaching black students on Saint Helena. Towne and Murray named their school in honor of William Penn and his belief in the brotherhood of all humanity and from their own association with the Pennsylvania Freedmen's Aid Society. This group, composed largely of Friends, sent the first schoolhouse (prefabricated in sections) by boat from the North in 1865 and for years thereafter helped finance the school. The special dedication of these two women and their supporters in Philadelphia sustained them in their work at Penn School until the dawn of the twentieth century. During these years, the two women witnessed the redistribution of land on Saint Helena, carried out by the Federal government during the Civil War and the first years of Reconstruction, and the development of a black yeomanry free, by and large, from white control.
In 1900, hoping to perpetuate their work on Saint Helena, Towne and Murray made plans for the incorporation of their school, and the following year the state of South Carolina chartered the Penn Normal, Industrial and Agricultural School. Hollis Burke Frissell, principal of Hampton Institute in Virginia and the first chair of the board of trustees, became a moving force for the reorganized Penn School. His fellow trustees, mainly whites from the North, included members of a new generation of philanthropists interested in the education of southern African Americans as well as men and women whose interest in race relations dated from an earlier era.
Laura Towne died on 22 February 1901, and, although Ellen Murray was to live and work until 1908, Hollis Frissell began a search for their successors. In Rossa Belle Cooley (1872-1949), daughter of a Vassar College chemistry professor, and Grace Bigelow House (1877-1961), daughter of a missionary teacher in Turkey, he found two unusual women who would lead Penn School for the next 40 years. In selecting Cooley and House, both teachers at Hampton Institute, Frissell helped propagate the gospel of industrial education associated with Hampton Institute and made famous by Booker T. Washington at Tuskegee.
Rossa B. Cooley arrived on Saint Helena in 1904 and Grace B. House came the following year, but it was not until the death of Ellen Murray in 1908 that Hollis Frissell's two proteges assumed their full responsibilities as principal and assistant principal of Penn School. The next three decades were full ones for Cooley, House, and their school. They had the help of their teachers and staff, and of a small group of faithful trustees: Francis R. Cope, Jr., gentleman farmer from Dimmock, Pa., whose grandfather and namesake had raised money for Laura Towne; George Foster Peabody, native of Georgia, who made his fortune in New York and then became a noted if eccentric philanthropist; Henry Wilder Foote, Unitarian minister of Boston and other pulpits; L. Hollingsworth Wood, Quaker, New York attorney, and leader in the National Urban League; Isabella Curtis, the school's publicist in Boston; and Harold Evans, their banker in Philadelphia. Cooley and House also cultivated the friendship of men in various philanthropic foundations interested in African American education: the General Education Board; the Slater Fund; the Rosenwald Fund; the Phelps-Stokes Fund; and the multimillionaire Arthur Curtiss James. With this help, they turned Penn into a model African American school.
Cooley and House applied to their work two principles of progressive education: learning for living and learning by doing. While Laura Towne and Ellen Murray believed in academic education and teacher training as the cornerstones of African American advancement, Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House emphasized vocational training, especially in agriculture, and the preparation of African Americans to lead more satisfying and productive lives within their own community. For the execution of their broad vision, they extended their sphere of influence out from the Penn School campus over the whole of Saint Helena Island, which they treated as one school-farm-community. They established a credit co-operative for local farmers; worked with South Carolina State College in teacher-training programs; and carried out plans for improving practically every aspect of the lives of the African American yeomanry, including better homes, modern child care, new cash crops, scientific farming methods, and moral, religious, medical and cultural uplift.
The depth and breadth of their efforts brought Penn School to the attention of educators, journalists, sociologists, philanthropists, missionaries, and a number of socially prominent people. Numerous visitors to Saint Helena helped spread the reputation of Penn School and its gospel not only among Americans interested in African American education, but also to many foreign missionaries and colonial officials, especially in British territories in southern Africa and India.
Not all of the efforts of Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House bore fruit and many plans and projects proved to be unworkable for the Island population. But their limited success at the school and on the Island must be set against a background of economic conditions that severely circumscribed the realization of their vision. There were devastating hurricanes in 1911 and 1940, and the arrival of the boll weevil in 1918 destroyed forever the strain of long-staple cotton upon which the income of the Sea Island farmers was based. Difficult economic conditions were accompanied by the continuing exodus of African American people from their Island farms to towns on the mainland and the cities of the North. This out-migration increased during the two world wars and the completion of the bridge between the Island and Beaufort in 1927 made it easy for the people of Saint Helena to leave home. The declining population and the departure of the school's graduates further handicapped the work of Cooley and House.
The principals of Penn School could not continue their experiment on the Island when local conditions presented so many obstacles. Nor, by the late 1930s, did the promotional and fund-raising activities to which Cooley had dedicated so much effort meet the financial needs of the school. The two women were growing old, and by 1940 the trustees were looking for a new pair of principals.
Although Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House resisted efforts to retire them, the board of trustees in 1944 appointed two white southerners, Howard "Buck" Kester and his wife Alice, as the new principal and assistant principal. A minister by training, a Christian socialist, and disciple of Reinhold Niebuhr, Howard Kester had worked actively for social and spiritual change in the South, especially with the Southern Tenant Farmers Union and the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen. The Kesters sought to maintain the traditions that their predecessors had established at Penn School and, at the same time, involve the school in a larger way with the changes in race relations then taking place in the South and elsewhere.
In spite of their good intentions, the Kesters provoked resentment from those at Penn School who preferred the ways of Cooley and House, who still lived nearby at Ndulamo, their retirement home. Nor could the Kesters solve the economic problems facing the school. In 1947, the Kesters resigned, and Howard Kester resumed his Fellowship of Southern Churchmen duties in 1948.
Before the departure of the Kesters, the Penn School board of trustees had appointed a committee, headed by the noted Atlanta University sociologist Ira De A. Reid, to study the school and to make recommendations for its future. Reid argued in his report that Penn School should relinquish its academic responsibilities and concentrate its work on community services. The trustees accepted Reid's findings, and in 1948 the students at the school were taken into the South Carolina public schools.
After 86 years, the Penn School of Laura Towne, Ellen Murray, Rossa B. Cooley, and Grace B. House was no more. The trustees renamed the corporation Penn Community Services and dedicated it to "community planning and improvement, sanitation and health, recreation and sport, and mental and spiritual hygiene."
In 1951, the trustees appointed Courtney Siceloff the first director of Penn Community Services, a position he held until 1970. During Siceloff's time as director, the Penn Community Services site was widely used as a conference center for organizations hoping to advance African American causes or to support equality, education, welfare, and other social issues. While director, Siceloff also served as a regional consultant for the United States Commission on Civil Rights, Southern Regional Office, and then, beginning in 1960 and continuing until around 1970, as secretary for the South Carolina Advisory Committee to the Commission.
Researchers interested in the evolution of Penn Community Services and Penn Center from 1949 to the present day should see Penn Center, Inc. Records (#5539).
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Scope and Content
The Penn School papers consist chiefly of office files from the African American school on Saint Helena Island, S.C. Correspondence is primarily of Rossa B. Cooley, Grace B. House, and later Howard Kester. There is also correspondence of trustees, treasurers, and publicity workers located elsewhere. Materials relate to the day-to-day administration of the school and its program. Included are letters dealing with the purchase of supplies and equipment; planning and construction of new buildings, especially Cope Industrial Building in 1912 and Frissell Memorial Community Building in 1925; hiring and assignment of personnel; development of the school curriculum and programs; and the festivals, clubs and contests sponsored by the school that involved the entire community. There are also financial statements and other reports; scattered lists of faculty, students, and contributors to the school; correspondence about fund-raising and promotional campaigns; and articles and speeches about the school by Cooley, House, and others.
Although the work at Penn was carried out by African American teachers for the benefit of African American students and farmers on Saint Helena Island, it was the white principals and trustees who generated and maintained most of the written records found here. While these papers offer a great opportunity to examine the life and history of an African American school in an African American community, it is necessary to note that the greatest part of the literary remains of Penn School was created by and written from the point of view of the white philanthropists who directed the work of the school.
Materials document the influence of Penn School far beyond the Sea Islands. There is a substantial body of correspondence with philanthropic and educational organizations, magazine editors, and others interested in the work of Penn School as a model for African American education. Included also are letters from local, state, and federal officials with whom Cooley and House worked, especially on problems of agriculture, health, sanitation, and education.
The quantity of materials for any particular year or period tends to vary directly with the age of the school. There is very little material for the early years, indeed not much at all for the almost four decades of Laura Towne's principalship except among the volumes. Starting with the turn of the 20th century, however, there is a steady increase in the amount of material, which becomes especially heavy in the late 1930s until the school closed in 1948.
Among the volumes are copies of letters and diaries of Laura Towne and Arthur Sumner, 1861-1895; trustee minutes, 1900-1948; account books, inventories and other financial records, 1901-1960; records of the Industrial Committee, Co-operative Society, Corn Club, Better Homes Contest and other school and community organizations; and lists of both students and teachers as well as two guest books. Also included are selected printed materials: annual reports from 1890 to 1947, promotional literature, and newspaper and magazine articles.
The approximately 3,000 photographs, the earliest of which date from the 1860s and the latest from 1953, are an important part of the collection. Photographs are fewest during the years 1862-1890. Most of them date from 1905 to 1944, the tenure of Cooley and House as teachers and principals. They are found chiefly in 26 photograph albums, at least nine of which seem to have been assembled by the principals for display. Photographs (and some drawings) document school activities, Island scenes and Islanders, classes and teachers, baptisms, agricultural activities, parades, fairs, and special events at the Penn School.
The Addition of November 2012 includes materials similar in scope and content to the original deposit. Some of the papers, printed materials, and photographs duplicate materials found in the original deposit; new content includes scrapbooks created by Penn students, photograph albums, recordings of Sea Island spirituals made during production of "To Live As Free Men", and silent films of people, places, and events at Penn School. Note that some of these materials had been preserved by Penn in its York W. Bailey Museum and Archives.
Most materials dated 1949 and later that document Penn Community Services, the successor to the Penn School, were transferred to the Penn Center, Inc. Records (#5539) in August 2015. These materials include manuscripts from Series 1.5; photographs from Series 4.2.8; all of the sound recordings from Series 6 (Addition of 2003); all of the films from Series 7 (Addition of 2003); and all of Series 8 (Addition of 2005), which consisted of the papers of Courtney Siceloff, director of Penn Community Services, 1950-1970, and secretary of the South Carolina Advisory Committee of the United States Commission on Civil Rights, circa 1960 to 1970. Researchers interested in the evolution of Penn Community Services and Penn Center from 1950 to the present day should see the Penn Center, Inc. Records (#5539).
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Series Quick Links
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Series 1. General Materials, 1863-1951 and undated.
The following description is based on the Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Penn School Papers, 1862-1976 (1977).
Correspondence and related materials make up most of this series. Note that bills and receipts are in a separate chronological run at the end of the series.
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Subseries 1.1. Early Years, 1863-1906.
Correspondence begins in 1863, but only a handful of letters survive from that year. Two letters are of special interest: Captain Edward Hooper commented, 23 February 1863, on the condition of the freedmen, and Henry Lowndes, apparently a former slave, 9 October 1863.
From 1872 through 1877, there is a series of more than 50 letters from Laura Towne to Francis R. Cope (the elder). Most of this correspondence deals with financial arrangements for the support of the school, for which Cope was the chief agent, but Towne also wrote, 13 July 1874 and 27 November 1874, about general political conditions in South Carolina. At the end of reconstruction, there is a set of letters from Towne to Cope describing the local activities of the Ku Klux Klan, the faith of the freedmen in the federal government, and their fear of losing the lands they owned and worked. These letters to Cope supplement the material published in Letters and Diary of Laura M. Towne (1912).
Papers for the final years of Ellen Murray's tenure are scant, including only a small number of letters and manuscript annual reports. Her report to the trustees in 1906, which marked the end of more than 40 years of service to the school, contains a statement of her education philosophy and program.
Three letters of recommendation written for Grace B. House by professors at Columbia University Teachers College in 1900 and a copy of the [1901?] by-laws of the Penn Normal, Industrial and Agricultural School signal the slow start of the regime of Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House. A letter, 25 July 1903, from Robert D. Jenks to Rossa B. Cooley marks the first appearance of the woman who would be the dominant figure at the school for the next 40 years. There is also one letter, 14 July 1904, from Frances Butler, the Hampton teacher who accompanied Rossa B. Cooley as her assistant and who died a few months after arriving on Saint Helena.
For additional information on the early years of Penn School see also the correspondence in 1912, the 50th anniversary of the school, undated materials, printed materials, and volumes 1-5.
| Folder 1a |
1863, 1872-1873 |
| Folder 1b |
1874-1875 |
| Folder 1c |
1876-1900 |
| Folder 1d |
1901-1902 |
| Folder 2a |
January-May, 1903 |
| Folder 2b |
June-December, 1903 |
| Folder 2c |
1904 |
| Folder 3 |
1905-1906 |
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Subseries 1.2. New Beginning, 1907-1917.
Many of the papers for this decade are the records and correspondence of the school's treasurer, George Foster Peabody, who served Penn School in many capacities until his death in 1938. Other trustees who were correspondents in this period include Francis R. Cope, Jr. (Frank), the grandson of Laura Towne's friend; Henry Wilder Foote, the Unitarian minister; Robert Darrah Jenks, Laura Towne's great-nephew; James R. Macdonald, a Saint Helena merchant; Hollis Burke Frissell, the first chair of the board of trustees; and Alfred Collins Maule, a Philadelphia Quaker who for years was in charge of publicity and fund-raising for Penn School.
Throughout her years at Penn School, Rossa B. Cooley concentrated much of her efforts on fund-raising and publicity. In a 1907 letter she referred to Leigh Richmond Miner from Hampton Institute whose photographs she later used extensively in publicity. By 1914, Paul U. Kellogg, the editor of Survey and later Survey Graphic, had become interested in the work of Penn School. Thereafter, there is correspondence with him as well as drafts of articles written for Survey Graphic and other magazines, beginning with a 1916 article, "How Freedom Came to Big Pa," by Grace B. House. For copies of this and other articles see printed materials.
The principals and trustees had contacts with agents of several foundations especially interested in the education of African Americans in the American South, including the John F. Slater Fund and Phelps-Stokes Fund. In 1915, Julius Rosenwald, patron of African American education, wrote to Cooley, and in 1916 there are general lists of contributors to Penn School. Jackson Davis and his colleague Trevor Arnett, both of the Rockefeller General Education Board, were among the most helpful friends of the school. A letter of 1917 marks the beginning of Davis's long association with the school. For additional information on fund-raising during these years see volume 22 and printed materials.
Among the school and community programs begun by Cooley and House during this period, agriculture took priority. In 1909, Seaman A. Knapp wrote Cooley about starting agricultural extension work on Saint Helena, and in 1911, Joseph Enoch Blanton, later president of Voorhees College, became supervisor of industrial education at Penn School as well as county agent. On 30 November 1912, he wrote at length to the United States Department of Agriculture about the progress in his program of demonstration work. There are also letters from Juno Washington, who was born a slave and became an early student and later an agricultural teacher at Penn School.
On 27 August 1911, a devastating hurricane struck Saint Helena, and there is considerable material dealing with the storm and its aftermath, including the campaign for relief funds. As part of these efforts, Penn School, with the help of trustee L. Hollingsworth Wood, organized the Saint Helena Co-operative Society to furnish credit to the farmers on the Island. In each year for the next two decades, there are numerous applications for loans from the Society. These application forms, along with the Society's records, found in volumes 30-32, 41, and 43, and in the undated and printed materials, contain a good deal of information about life on the Island's small farms.
Two other important developments followed in the wake of the hurricane. Construction of the Cope Industrial Building, begun before the hurricane and financed by the General Education Board, offered work relief for Island residents and later provided new facilities for the school's shops, which became increasingly important as the new curriculum developed. In 1912, Penn School for the first time required vocational competence as well as academic skills for graduation. An upper division was added to provide the necessary additional training.
1912 marked the 50th anniversary of Penn School and the attendant celebrations generated much fund-raising activity and publicity. There is also some correspondence with men and women active in the 1860s, including abolitionists William Channing Gannett, Harriet Ware, and Helen M. Philbrick, and Robert Smalls, the onetime slave who had become a local Civil War hero and member of Congress. Harriet Ware wrote on 19 March 1912 of her recollection of the first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation on 1 January 1863.
There are also drafts of the article Grace B. House wrote on the anniversary celebrations for the Southern Workman. Other prominent correspondents at this time include Ray Stannard Baker, the progressive journalist; Samuel Chiles Mitchell, president of the University of South Carolina; Helen C. Jenks, Laura Towne's niece; Ethel Paine, a new member of the board of trustees; and Willis D. Weatherford and James Hardy Dillard, two leading southern white participants in the interracial movement.
Although seldom directly involved in politics, Penn School did maintain contacts with the government of South Carolina and the larger world. In 1911, for example, agitation began for the bridge to the mainland, which the principals of Penn School opposed in vain until its completion in 1927. W. C. Gannett expressed his fears, 12 May 1914, about the proposed South Carolina law that could prohibit white teachers from instructing African American students. In 1914 and 1915, Rossa B. Cooley carried on correspondence with J. LaBruce Ward, a South Carolina public health officer, dealing with the problems of typhoid and hookworm on the Sea Islands.
The school in 1917 went on a year-round schedule geared to local agricultural cycles, and all teachers became home visitors. The papers thereafter, including letters of Benjamin Barnwell, a graduate of the school who took charge of the school farm in 1916, reports on "Home Corn Acres," reviews of the "Model Acre," and minutes of agricultural meetings, document the increasing emphasis on agricultural education. Within the community, the faculty of Penn School took the lead in the foundation of Homemakers' Club, Corn Club, YMCA-YWCA, and other organizations, and in 1916 representatives of these organizations along with the school principals, local ministers, and the Island doctor formed a Community Council to coordinate the work of this expanded classroom. See also volume 33.
The first decade of Cooley and House ended on a somber note with the death in 1917 of Hollis Burke Frissell, chair of the board of trustees, who had inspired and guided so much of their work.
| Folder 4 |
1907-1909 |
| Folder 5 |
1910-1911 |
| Folder 6 |
January-February, 1912 |
| Folder 7 |
March, 1912 |
| Folder 8 |
April, 1912 |
| Folder 9 |
May-December, 1912 |
| Folder 10 |
January-February, 1913 |
| Folder 11 |
March-December, 1913 |
| Folder 12a |
January-February, 1914 |
| Folder 12b |
March-June, 1914 |
| Folder 13 |
July-December, 1914 |
| Folder 14 |
1915 |
| Folder 15a |
1916 |
| Folder 15b |
1917 |
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Subseries 1.3. Years of Calm, 1918-1930.
From 1918 to 1931, Cooley and House were able to further the development of Penn School and at the same time spread their program as the model for African American education far beyond the Island. Although World War I, the destruction of the cotton agriculture by the boll weevil, and the completion of the bridge to the mainland in 1927 spurred out-migration, Cooley and House continued to expand the role of the school within the community and undertook new fund-raising and publicity campaigns, culminating in the dedication of the Frissell Memorial Community Building in 1925 and the publication of Homes of the Freed in 1924 and School Acres in 1930. They also welcomed to the school visitors from Africa and elsewhere, including three sociologists who undertook a detailed study of the school and community in 1928.
There is a good deal of material, mainly in 1918, about World War I. The United States Marine Corps developed a training camp on Parris Island, next door to Saint Helena, and the Red Cross was active in civilian war work on the home front. Robert Russa Moton of Tuskegee Institute and Anson Phelps Stokes of the Phelps-Stokes Fund wrote Cooley about matters relating to the war. She and George Foster Peabody interceded with the Draft Exemption Board on behalf of local men. There are also letters from Penn School students and graduates, including D. Cook Jones, Ceasar Wright, and Benjamin Barnwell, in army training camps or with the American Expeditionary Force in France. On Armistice Day, Cooley wrote to James P. King, who later replaced Joshua Blanton as superintendent of industrial education at Penn School, of "this Great Day."
Along with the war came the boll weevil, which destroyed the long-staple cotton agriculture which had been the economic mainstay of the Island. In 1919, there is a report on the advance of the boll weevil throughout the South. In 1920, Cooley wrote Arthur Curtiss James, the railroad magnate who made semi-annual contributions of $2,500 to the school, that it had been an "intense and difficult year." The papers contain a good deal about the effort to find a replacement for cotton as the staple crop of the Islands. People at Penn School were especially interested in growing peanuts.
The farmers of Saint Helena often risked losing their lands for non-payment of taxes, and there is considerable material on efforts to save the lands of the African American yeomanry. William H. Mills of Clemson College, one of the first white southerners to serve as a trustee of the school, devoted much of his time and agricultural expertise to help the people of the Island.
To halt the migration precipitated by the agricultural crisis, Cooley and House expanded their efforts to improve the quality of life on the Island and to secure funds to expand the role of the school. From 1918 to 1925, they conducted a major campaign to raise funds for a building, dedicated to Hollis Burke Frissell, to house their community activities. Included is correspondence with Thomas Jesse Jones of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, J. H. Dillard of the John F. Slater Fund, and Wallace Buttrick of the General Education Board. See also volume 48. The building was dedicated on Founders Day in April 1925.
In 1925, supporters of the school began establishing Penn School Clubs at Vassar College, New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, and elsewhere, and there is much correspondence between the principals and club officers. Of particular interest is the Penn School Club of New York City, made up of emigrants from Saint Helena in Harlem, who regularly contributed scholarship funds for students at the school. Rosa Long provided, 17 October 1927, a membership list of the club. See also volume 42, records of the Penn School Club of Boston, 1918-1922, and club year books among the printed materials.
Others with whom Cooley corresponded about fund-raising include James E. Gregg, who succeeded Hollis B. Frissell at Hampton Institute and on the Penn School board of trustees; George Foster Peabody, who tried, 17 August 1926, to interest John D. Rockefeller and Henry Ford in one of his favorite philanthropies; Hollingsworth Wood, who sent Cooley a draft, 26 January 1927, of his letter to the General Education Board outlining the financial needs of Penn School; Alfred R. Stern of the Rosenwald Fund, who indicated in September 1927 that the fund would provide money for building a school at Coffin Point on the Island; and Arthur Curtiss James, who sent $500 for a new barn in March 1929.
Along with their fund-raising, Cooley and House worked to obtain greater public recognition for the achievements of Penn School. Ambrose E. Gonzales, editor of the Columbia, S.C., State, featured articles about the school in his newspaper and offered prizes for the annual farmers' fair. Beginning in 1923, Cooley published a series of articles on her work in the Survey Graphic, and she received letters about these articles from its editor Paul Kellogg and from readers who liked what she had written. In 1926, Homes of the Freed, a collection of her articles, was published, and there are a number of letters from Countee Cullen of Opportunity; David Mebane of the New Republic, which published the book; and others congratulating her. Copies of the articles and the book are among the printed materials. Also in 1926, Henry Wilder Foote, Isabella Curtis, a Boston trustee of the school, and Margaret McCulloch, a white woman long active in the interracial movement, helped organize a northern tour for the Penn School Quartet to attract attention and money to the school.
Although they devoted much time to fund-raising and publicity, Cooley and House did not neglect their vision of an expanded role for the school on the Island. Using the Frissell Memorial Community Building as a base, they established a number of new school programs between 1918 and 1930. In 1920, the school held its first Baby Day to educate mothers about child care and to evaluate the health of each baby. Much attention was also given to the National Better Homes Campaigns, which were held every year across the nation. From 1922 to 1924, Penn School won third, second, and a special first prize in these national contests. There is a letter, 5 July 1924, from Calvin Coolidge congratulating Penn School on its prize in the contest, along with other correspondence and reports. See also volumes 50B and 50C.
During the years of national prohibition, the principals, particularly House, were active in reporting illegal stills to the federal enforcement officials, who did not share her enthusiasm for the crusade against alcohol. On temperance work, see also volumes 27 and 40. Cooley was more successful in the effort, aided by money from the Rosenwald Fund, to increase state expenditures for the public school on Saint Helena. Beginning in 1926, there are reports on the public schools of the Island made by Maud J. Sanders, a traveling supervisory teacher.
There is also considerable material on other projects of Penn School on the farms and in the homes of Saint Helena Island: in January 1927, a short history of community health work; in late 1928 and early 1929, a number of reports on student farm plots; in November 1929, a list of home visits made by the county teacher during Potato Week; and, for 1930, the report of the Corn Club. See also volumes 49, 50A, and 50D, records of Penn student clubs.
Scattered throughout the papers for these years are comments on the status of African Americans and race relations. J. P. King told an insurance agent on 14 July 1923 that it was "not necessary to put the word 'colored' on mail addressed to us in order for us to receive it." George Foster Peabody sent out a series of letters, 8 October 1923, inquiring about racial ideas, South and North. In April 1924, L. Hollingsworth Wood wrote revealingly of his own racial attitudes. Mabel Carney, professor at Columbia Teachers College, discussed on 16 March 1925, the Hampton-Tuskegee fund-raising drive and the course she was teaching on African American education. In October and November 1925, several students wrote brief essays on the aims of Penn School. In August 1928, Hollingsworth Wood inquired about the possibility of African American trustees and Robert Russa Moton agreed in February 1929 to serve on the Penn School Board.
In the late 1920s, Margaret C. McCulloch replaced the two principals of Penn School when they each took a year's sabbatical in Europe, and there is considerable correspondence with her. Especially interesting is the description of Penn School in McCulloch's letter, 15 September 1927, to Alice Busbee.
In 1918, Gregorio Torres Quintero, a Mexican specialist in rural education who visited Saint Helena, wrote about his visit to Cooley. He was the first of many visitors to Penn School in the 1920s to record their impressions of the school. Many were missionaries about to report to stations in Africa and elsewhere who hoped to apply the principles and practices of Penn School in other countries. Of particular interest are the letters in 1925 from Emory Ross, African missionary and friend of Albert Schweitzer; a discussion in May 1926 by Mabel Carney of the influence of Penn School in Africa; letters in 1926 and 1928 from Charles T. Loram, a professor of education who taught in South Africa and later at Yale; material about the 1928 visit of Winold Reiss, a German-born artist who executed unusual portraits of the Island people; and a form letter to contributors, June 1930, in which Cooley spoke of teaching at Penn School. See also volume 65B, guest register 1905-1962, and reports by African visitors among the printed materials.
In 1927 and 1928, two sociologists and a historian from the University of North Carolina carried out extensive research on Saint Helena Island. Thomas J. Woofter, Jr., who headed the group, discussed with Cooley the proposed study, which was sponsored by the Social Science Research Council and the Institute for Research in the Social Sciences at Chapel Hill, and sent her a copy of his proposal, "Saint Helena Island: A Study of Negro Culture and Social Development." There is also correspondence with the other two scholars, Guy B. Johnson and Guion Griffis Johnson, and a considerable amount of statistical data on the families and schools of Saint Helena. Much of this material seems to have come from the 1920 census. Another aspect of this research was carried out in New York City, where Clyde V. Kiser studied Saint Helena people who had resettled in Harlem and Brooklyn. There is also correspondence between Cooley and University of North Carolina sociologist E. C. Branson after Cooley's visit to Chapel Hill in 1927.
Cooley wrote a second series of articles for Survey Graphic that were illustrated by the paintings of Winold Reiss, and in 1930 the Yale University Press published School Acres: An Adventure in Rural Education, her second book. There are a number of letters about the book from Roscoe Conkling Bruce, son of Senator Blanche K. Bruce, editor of Dunbar News; Jackson Davis, who wrote Paul Kellogg about placing copies of the book in the libraries of all the Rosenwald schools; and others.
On 13 February 1930, there was a dinner in New York City celebrating the 25th anniversary of the arrival of Cooley and House at Penn School. Francis Cope, Jr., spoke at the dinner, and there is an outline of his remarks in the papers. Cooley wrote the Rosenwald Fund on 10 April 1930 that it had been "a splendid year."
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Subseries 1.4. Years of Crisis, 1931-1941.
Most of the correspondence for the 1930s reflects the economic distress of the Great Depression, which hurt Penn School most through the reduced financial resources of its leading supporters. In 1931, Penn was forced to abandon its year-round schedule. In October 1931, there is a poignant series of notes, apparently one from each member of the Penn School staff, accepting a voluntary five percent reduction in salary, and in October 1933, there is a salary list with reductions of up to 25 percent. Later some industrial courses were discontinued, and in 1937 there is an outline of the revised curriculum.
Cooley wrote to the trustees, especially L. Hollingsworth Wood, and others about obtaining additional funds. Her correspondents included Arthur Curtiss James, J. H. Dillard, John H. Towne, Jackson Davis, Trevor Arnett, and W. W. Brierley of the General Education Board, Ralph S. Rounds of the Keith Fund, Edwin R. Embree of the Rosenwald Fund, Frederick M. Keppel and Robert M. Lester of the Carnegie Corporation, and Edward T. Esty of the Alden Trust. Of particular interest is the campaign in 1937-1938, in conjunction with the school's 75th anniversary, for a sustaining fund. See also volume 55.
There are scattered letters from Islanders describing economic difficulties, including Benjamin Barnwell, July-August 1932 and January 1933, and Ethel K. Bailey, wife of the Island physician, who in a letter, July 1935, described her anxiety over the future of Saint Helena. Also in 1935 is a letter from W. Brantley Harvey to Senator James F. Byrnes about the relief rolls in Beaufort County and a list of local families in danger of losing their land for non-payment of taxes.
For help in developing new crops and in obtaining federal relief funds, Cooley turned to W. H. Mills of Clemson College. Mills's letters appear throughout the decade, including comments, September 1933, on the work of the Resettlement Administration; a letter, March 1935, to Harold Evans indicating his support for the Wagner-Costigan anti-lynching bill; and a letter, November 1938, about the ruins on another of the Sea Islands. There is also information on the anti-lynching bill in January 1934.
Penn School throughout this period sought the aid of various New Deal agencies, especially those concerned with rural relief and development. There is correspondence with rural relief administrators, including Rexford Guy Tugwell, R. H. Hudgens, R. F. Kolb, James C. Derieux, and T. J. Woofter. In 1935, there is information on the Saint Helena Island Rehabilitation Project, including lists of applicants for work on the project, and in 1936, correspondence about Resettlement Administration proposals for the Sea Islands.
On 15 November 1937, Clarence C. Pickett, executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee, wrote Eleanor Roosevelt introducing Rossa B. Cooley, although Cooley was unable to have an interview with Roosevelt because of schedule conflicts. Roosevelt's secretary corresponded from 1939 through 1940 about placing an orphan boy at Penn.
In the midst of its financial crisis, Penn faced another challenge when South Carolina raised its requirements for teacher certification. In 1932, Cooley asked James H. Hope, the state superintendent of education, about accreditation and teacher training at the school, and in 1933 announced the accrediting of the 12th year of work at Penn. In 1936, however, Penn was forced to turn over its teacher training work to South Carolina State College at Orangeburg with which Penn thereafter operated a co-operative program financed in part by the General Education Board. There is material about the program, including correspondence with Raymond Fosdick of the General Education Board in 1940 and with Mabel Carney of Columbia University Teachers College and Jane Ellen McAllister of Miner Teachers College in Washington, D.C., about the Rural Teachers Institute held at Penn in March 1941. See also "Guide to Cooperative Teacher Training Program" in the printed materials.
In August 1940, a hurricane, the greatest storm of its kind to hit Saint Helena Island since 1893, struck Penn School. The intensity of the storm and the repair of damage were the major topics of interest at the school throughout that year and well into 1941. Of special interest are the nearly 200 essays written by the students of Penn, mostly in the form of letters to the principals, dealing with the Great Hurricane Storm of 11 August 1940. These essays are a rare example of the work of Penn School students.
In spite of the setbacks and problems, Cooley and House remained optimistic. Cooley wrote in December 1937 that "the influence of Penn School seems to go farther and farther steadily, and ... to be making a deep dent on attitudes toward Negro education." There is continued correspondence from visitors including W. D. Weatherford in 1931 and 1934; Charles T. Loram in 1932; Albert Bushnell Hart, who had visited Penn 30 years earlier in 1933; Will Alexander in 1934; Edgar T. Thompson in 1936; and Gunnar Myrdal in 1939.
The work of publicizing the school also continued. Of particular interest is correspondence in 1934 about the performance of the Penn School Quartet at the British Embassy in Washington, D.C., arranged by Elizabeth Lindsay, wife of the British ambassador and a native of Saint Helena. There are also letters from writers and students interested in the school; an essay by Cooley in 1937 on "Vassar Influence on the Sea Islands of South Carolina"; and letters from John A. Silver, a new trustee, who in June 1938 suggested making a motion picture about Penn School as a fund-raising project.
The film, later called To Live as Free Man, was to prove a final tribute to the work of Cooley and House, for the search had already begun for new leaders to take over the direction of Penn School. Correspondence among Francis Cope, L. Hollingsworth Wood, James E. Gregg, Isabella Curtis, and other trustees about a new principal begins in 1941 and continues for several years.
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Subseries 1.5. Years of Change, 1942-1949.
For access to folders 227-242b, please contact Research and Instructional Services in advance of your visit to Wilson Library.
For access to folders 227-242b, please contact Research and Instructional Services in advance of your visit to Wilson Library.
In 1942 and 1943, there is much correspondence about To Live as Free Men , which premiered in November 1942, but the principal subject of the papers is the selection of new principals. The first reference to Howard Kester as a candidate for the position appears in a letter, 24 October 1942, from Rossa B. Cooley to Francis Cope. In May and June 1943, both Cope and L. Hollingsworth Wood expressed doubt about the Kesters as principals, but Cooley was pleased with a visit from Kester in May, and Kester wrote that he was prepared to accept the position. Included are biographical materials about Kester and letters of recommendation from Fred L. Brownlee of the American Missionary Association, Walter White of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Liston Pope of Yale Divinity School, Benjamin E. Mays of Morehouse College, A. D. Beittel of Guilford College, Mordecai W. Johnson of Howard University, and Reinhold Niebuhr of Union Theological Seminary.
According to the trustee minutes (volume 12), Howard and Alice Kester were elected principal and assistant principal on 8 July 1943. Although Cooley wrote, 18 October 1943, to Francis Cope that "this retiring business isn't so easy as I always thought it was," preparations were made for the transition to a new regime, and Howard and Alice Kester arrived on 19 December 1943.
For the next four years the Kesters brought Penn School a wide acquaintance with interracial, trade union, religious, and social reform leaders of the South and the nation. Among their regular correspondents were Liston Pope, Broadus Mitchell, Dave Burgess, H. L. Mitchell, Kirby Page, James Dombrowski, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Ursula Niebuhr. There are also letters from Walter White, Pearl S. Buck, David Lilienthal, DeWitt Wallace, Guy B. Johnson, Walter Sikes, A. Philip Randolph, William Howard Melish, Willard Uphaus, and Louis R. Wilson.
In spite of his pacifist views, Kester continued Penn School's participation in the war, but he made a number of other changes that are reflected in his first report to the trustees on 1 January 1944 and in other papers. After a land survey done by Clemson College, he reorganized the farm program and began a project to repair the school buildings, and he recruited new teachers in an effort to raise the school standards. In 1945, he secured seats on the board of trustees for Benjamin Mays and Joshua Blanton, two African American college presidents, and hired Alice Frank Merriam to run a publicity and fund-raising office in the North.
Unlike Cooley and House, who saw Penn School as a force for improving life on the Island and thus discouraging emigration, Kester saw Penn as a means of preparing its students for life in the world outside and a vehicle for promoting better relations between whites and blacks. Francis Cope, chair of the board of trustees since 1924, wrote repeatedly to his fellow trustees of his dissatisfaction with the Kesters' work and, according to a memo, 12 April 1945, by trustee John Silver, the presence of Cooley and House, who still lived nearby, caused problems for the Kesters. The personal tensions between Francis Cope and Howard Kester intensified, and in 1946, Cope resigned from the board.
A new board, led by chair William E. Cadbury, Paul Brown, Jr., Harold Evans, John Silver, and L. Hollingsworth Wood, realized in January 1948 that Penn School would have to be reorganized if it were to survive in a world of new economic and racial relationships. Ira De A. Reid of Atlanta University headed a team to study Penn School and made suggestions for its future development, and his report, submitted 19 February 1948, recommended changes in the functions and staff of the school. Howard Kester, who had resigned to return to the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen, stayed on to supervise the transition, and at the end of the 1948 school year, Penn School gave up its academic responsibilities and turned to community service, not only for the Sea Islands, but for the entire South.
On 25 January 1950, Courtney Siceloff was hired as director of Penn Community Services. With the change in name came also a new program emphasis, a new perspective toward the South, and a new leadership that is reflected in the slight, scattered papers after 1948 in this series. Northern domination of the board ended in 1957, with the election of Marion A. Wright of Beaufort, S.C., as chair and James McBride Dabbs, his successor in 1963. The prime concern of Penn Community Services had become community service, not just for the Sea Islands but for the entire southern region. But the past was not forgotten, and the papers record the work of Willie Lee Rose and Edith M. Dabbs in documenting the history of Penn School and Saint Helena Island.
Researchers interested in the evolution of Penn Community Services from 1950 to the present day should see Penn Center, Inc. Records (#5539).
Note that materials documenting 1950-1970s (folders 227-242b) have been transferred to the Penn Center, Inc. Records (#5539).
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Subseries 1.6. Undated Materials.
Among the undated papers are miscellaneous correspondence and writings of and about Laura Towne, Ellen Murray and Alice Lathrop, including an essay on "Ellen's Frank,"a former slave; a description of the arrival of Sherman's troops on the Sea Islands in 1865; and two descriptions of Laura Towne and Ellen Murray by contemporaries. There are mostly routine letters to Rossa Cooley, Grace House, and Howard Kester from visitors and contributors to the school and board members, including a five-page letter describing the impact of World War II on the Island and letters about getting surplus military goods following the war; a handbill by A.C. Reynolds exhorting the wives and mothers of St. Helena to disarm their sons and husbands; and other miscellaneous materials.
There follow reports and writings about the school; a story by Mrs. James R. Macdonald; a sketch of Uncle Sam Polite, a former slave who lived to be over one hundred years old; and a series of reports, applications, accounts and memos of the Co-operative Society, many related to peanuts; and a copy of the Society's articles of incorporation.
| Folder 244a |
Miscellaneous correspondence and writings of and about Laura Towne, Ellen Murray, and Alice Lathrop |
| Folder 244b |
Miscellaneous correspondence of Cooley and House |
| Folder 245 |
Miscellaneous correspondence of Kesters |
| Folder 246a |
Miscellaneous correspondence, undated |
| Folder 246b |
Miscellaneous correspondence, undated |
| Folder 247 |
Penn Cooperative Society |
| Folder 248 |
Promotional and historical material |
| Folder 249 |
Post-World War II veterans' training program |
| Folder 250 |
Penn School physical plant |
| Folder 251 |
Board of trustees lists |
| Folder 252 |
Plantation lists, price lists, and administration of Penn School, undated |
| Folder 253 |
Lists of contributors and contributions |
| Folder 254 |
Civic organizations and miscellaneous |
| Folder 255 |
Music and music programs, undated |
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Subseries 1.7. Bills, Receipts, and Banking Records, 1872-1951.
See also series 2 for financial materials.
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Subseries 1.8. General Materials, 1868-1952 (Addition of November 2012).
Acquisition Information: Accession 101699
General materials (Addition of November 2012) are similar in scope and content to the original deposit and in some cases may be duplicates. Note that some of these papers may include an identification number that indicates that the item had been preserved by Penn in its York W. Bailey Museum and Archives.
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Folder 468 |
1879, 1881, 1889, 1897Sale of land by U.S. Tax Commission, teacher's report to State of South Carolina, recollection of storm by Johnson Atkins' seventeen year old son, and copies of letters to Francis R. Cope from Ellen Murray and Laura M. Towne. |
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Folder 469 |
1901-1924Fundraising appeals, Board of Trustees, advice from St. Helena Cooperative Society about the cotton boll weevil, dedication of Frissell Memorial Organ, threat of African Americans losing their land, farm management course outline, directions for how to use rat poison, and resolution upon death of Ellen Murray. |
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Folder 470 |
1927-1928Essay on community health work at Penn, class song, educational survey by plantation of St. Helena and Lady's Island, letters to Francis R. Cope Jr. and his daughter Theodora Cope, and letters from Penn students who spent the summer with the Cope family in Dimock, Pa. |
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Folder 471 |
1932-1939Board of Trustees, "A Stamp Story" with descriptions written by children of images depicted on different stamps. |
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Folder 472 |
1940-1947Teachers Agricultural Council manual, thank you letters written by children, newsletter with writings by children, school prayer, library books ordered from gift of General Education Board, list of Penn School employees, correspondence with the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen, planning for the arrival of the Kesters, contributions of rural youth to the war effort, retirement of Rossa Cooley and Grace House, and installation of the Kesters, snapshots (negatives) of Penn School people. |
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Folder 473 |
1948, 1952Fellowship of Southern Churchmen correspondence, committee report and correspondence relating to the reorganization of Penn School, and a Penn High School diploma. |
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Folder 474 |
Board of Trustees, 1932-1944 |
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Folder 475 |
Board of Trustees, 1945-1946 |
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Folder 476 |
Board of Trustees, 1947 |
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Folder 477 |
Board of Trustees, 1948 |
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Folder 478 |
Board of Trustees, 1948 |
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Folder 479 |
Board of Trustees, 1949 |
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Folder 480 |
Cooperative Teacher Training, 1936-1946Penn School and State College, Orangeburg, S.C. |
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Folder 481 |
Curriculum, 1945-1946 and undated |
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Folder 482 |
Curriculum: Teachers College of New York: Education coursework, 1920, 1922 |
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Folder 483 |
Farm Loan Fund, 1935-1942Public health responsibilities of the Penn School nurse; cooperative or collective-individualistic farming rehabilitation project on St. Helena's Island, S.C., to help preserve black land ownership; Works Progress Administration and Resettlement Administration projects; and Farm Home Scholarships and Farm Loan Fund to help recent graduates of Penn buy land and cultivate it. |
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Folder 484 |
Financial Materials, 1905-1939Also includes materials relating to St. Helena Cooperative Society. |
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Folder 485 |
Financial Materials, 1940-1945 |
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Folder 486 |
Financial Materials: Disbursement, 1938-1949 |
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Folder 487 |
Financial Materials: Report, 31 May 1922 |
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Folder 488 |
Financial Materials: Statements, 1931-1933 |
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Folder 489 |
Financial Materials: Statements, 1941-1943 |
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Folder 490 |
Financial Materials: Summary Statements of Receipts and Disbursements, 1941-1945 |
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Folder 491 |
Financial Materials: Summary Statements of Receipts and Disbursements, 1946-1949 |
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Folder 492 |
Fundraising, 1935-1946 |
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Folder 493 |
"Guardian Angels," undatedTypescript recollection of a dream with Rossa Cooley. |
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Folder 494 |
Hurricane Fund, 1911, 1935, 1940-1941 |
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Folder 495 |
Hymns and prayers, undatedIncludes "Aunt Jane's Prayer," "Litany of Thanksgiving and Remembrance," "St. Helena's Hymn," and "Founders Hymn." |
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Folder 496 |
Kester, Howard, 1943-1944Candidacy for a position at Penn School and Alice Kester's responsibilities at Penn. |
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Folder 497 |
"Memory" by Amoretta Daise, 1862Student at Penn School. |
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Folder 498 |
Penn history, undated |
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Folder 499 |
Penn School Club, 1925-1929Volume of Penn School Club of Boston members and donation amounts. |
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Folder 500 |
Penn presentation graphics, circa 1920sPenn's educational philosophy, curriculum, and achievements as expressed in hand-drawn graphics. |
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Folder 501 |
Poetry"The Marshes of Glynn" by Sidney Lanier and "The House by the Side of the Road" by Sam Walter Foss. |
| Oversize Paper Folder OPF-3615/4 |
Polawana Island map, 1870Hand drawn map. |
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Folder 502 |
Programs, 1911-1947 |
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Folder 503 |
Scrapbooks, 1886-1937Images and printed material |
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Folder 504 |
St. Helena Cooperative Society |
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Folder 505 |
To Live As Free Men, 1941-1943 |
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Folder 506 |
Towne, Laura M., letters of, 1868-1879Typed, excerpted transcriptions. |
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Folder 507 |
Towne-MacDonald School Dedication, undatedAddress given by Margaret McDonald Sanders, daughter of James Ross McDonald. |
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Folder 508 |
"The Vision of St. Helena," 1925Typescript text describing the copy of Paul Veronese's painting given to Penn by George Foster Peabody for the Frissell Community House. |
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Folder 509 |
World War II, 1942-1944Ration book distribution report, watch schedule and certificate of Army Air Forces Aircraft Warning Service Reserve. |
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Series 2. Volumes, 1862-1964 and undated.
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Subseries 2.1. Volumes, 1862-1964 and undated.
The following description is based on the Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Penn School Papers, 1862-1976 (1977).
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Subseries 2.2. Volumes (Addition of November 2012), 1893-1933.
Acquisition Information: Accession 101699.
Note that some of these volumes may include an identification number that indicates that the item had been preserved by Penn in its York W. Bailey Museum and Archives.
| Oversize Volume SV-3615/100 |
"Stories from History" by Penn School student, circa 1900sPoetry about Hiawatha and handwritten essays on mound builders, new world explorers, colonial wars in North America. |
| Oversize Volume SV-3615/101 |
"Stories from History" by Penn School student, circa 1900sHandwritten essays on new world explorers and colonial wars in North America. |
| Oversize Volume SV-3615/102 |
"Notes of Lessons--Temperance Pledge, etc." by Penn School students, circa 1900sHand drawn maps and essays, and curriculum descriptions. |
| Oversize Volume SV-3615/103 |
"A Study of Leaves" by Penn School students, circa 1900sHand drawn pictures of leaves. |
| Oversize Volume SV-3615/104 |
"Problems in Arithmetic" by Penn School students, 1901 |
| Oversize Volume SV-3615/105 |
"St. Helena Island," "In Memory of Laura M. Towne," "Our State" by Viola L. Chaplin, class of 1898, circa 1900sWritings and drawings. |
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Folder 510 |
Miscellaneous photocopies, circa 1900sPhotocopies of pages from volumes of writings and drawings. |
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Folder 511 |
Stono, S.C., and Johns Island, S.C., money order book, 1893-1921 |
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Folder 512 |
Stono, S.C., Post Office cash book, 1893-1896 |
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Folder 513 |
"Introduction to Bible Study: A Curriculum Guide," 1904 |
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Folder 514 |
"Nature Study, St. Helena Island Trees," 1933Collected by Vashti Tonkins, Girl Scout leader, English Department, Penn School. |
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Subseries 2.3. Volumes (Addition of July 2022), 1903-1932.
Acquisition Information: Accession 20220712.1.
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Series 3. Printed Materials, 1862-1977 and undated.
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Subseries 3.1. Printed Materials, 1890-1977.
The following description is based on the Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Penn School Papers, 1862-1976 (1977).
Researchers interested in Penn Community Services, especially from 1950 to 1970, should also see Series 8. Courtney Siceloff Papers (Addition of 2005).
Among the newspaper clippings, 1902-1956 and undated, are articles about the history of Saint Helena Island and Penn School and about specific events at Penn School and on the Island; general descriptions of Penn and its programs; notices of speeches and visits by Rossa B. Cooley, Grace B. House, and several trustees; other articles about school faculty and trustees, especially George Foster Peabody; and reviews of Homes of the Freed and School Acres. Included are articles from newspapers in South Carolina, New York, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, although few are identified by source.
There are also articles and pamphlets from Survey Graphic, Southern Workman, Outlook, and other publications concerning Penn School. Among the writers are Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Laura Towne, Charles T. Loram, Henry Wilder Foote, and Joshua E. Blanton. Of particular interest are the "Reminiscences" written in 1926 by Annie Heacock, a member of the Port Royal Experiment who taught near Beaufort from 1863 to 1869; a 1934 "Report on A Visit to North America Under the Auspices of the Carnegie Corporation" by Oswin Boys Bull of Meaeru, Basutoland, and a similar report by visitors from Zanzibar; and a folio of material by and about George Foster Peabody. There is also a series of articles by Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House, including those printed in Survey Graphic that became Homes of the Freed and a copy of the book itself.
Miscellaneous printed material is primarily fund-raising and promotional literature, including broadsides; pamphlets; Penn School calendars; reprints of speeches by Charles W. Dabney, 1903, Robert Russa Moton, 1923, and others; and yearbooks, 1913-1943, of the Penn School Club of Boston. There are circulars, announcements, invitations to and programs of school events and other school materials, including a 1940 "Guide to Cooperative Teacher Training Program" by Trudelle W. Wimbush of South Carolina State College. Also included are a 1945-1946 catalog and issues of the Penn School Chronicle, 1896-1897; "Plantation Pictures of Saint Helena Island," 1921-1923; and Penn School Journal, 1943.
Included also are broadsides and invitations relating to the Saint Helena Cooperative Credit Union and copies, 1921 and undated, of the Union's rules and studies and promotional material issued by Penn Community Services, including a 1954 newsletter.
There are also annual reports, 1890-1893, 1898, 1901, 1908-1930, 1934-1947, 1951, which are a useful introduction to Penn School. Most include rosters of the board of trustees and school staff; descriptions of school and community activities during the year and changes in the school program; a brief history of the school; and comments on the Penn philosophy and program. Some also contain an outline of the school curriculum, lists of benefactors, and lists of school needs.
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Subseries 3.2. De Nyew Testament, 2005 (Addition of May 2006).
Acquisitions Information: Accession 100426.
A Gullah translation of the New Testament in the Sea Islands Creole dialect (Geechee).
| Box 63 |
De Nyew Testament, 2005 |
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Subseries 3.3. Printed Materials, 1862-1951 (Addition of November 2012).
Acquisitions Information: 101699
Printed materials in the Addition of November 2012 are similar in scope and content to the original deposit and in some cases may be duplicates. Note that some of these printed materials may include an identification number that indicates that the item had been preserved by Penn in its York W. Bailey Museum and Archives.
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Series 4. Photographs, 1860s-1953.
Use Restriction: In accordance with the deposit agreement, written permission from the Penn Center is required for uses beyond reference and research of photographs, other images, moving images (film and video), and audio recordings. To acquire permission to use photographs, other images, moving images (film and video), and audio recordings contained in the Penn School Papers, send your written request with specific image or recording numbers to the Penn Center, Inc., P.O. Box 126, Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Saint Helena Island, S.C. 29920-0126 or info[at]penncenter[dot]com.
The following description is based on the Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Penn School Papers, 1862-1976 (1977). See notes on the image identification number code below.
The Penn School Papers contain about 3,000 photographs, the earliest of which date from the 1860s and the latest from 1962. Like other materials in this collection, the photographs are fewest during the years 1862-1890 and 1948-1962. Most of them date from 1905 to 1944, the tenure of Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House as teachers and principals at Penn School. They are found chiefly in 21 photograph albums, nine of which seem to have been assembled by the principals for display. Several others were more hastily assembled by the principals, while the rest came from visitors and close friends of Penn School.
One hundred and twenty-four prints made from 8x10 and 5x7 glass plates exposed by Leigh Richmond Miner are included. In addition, there are about 1,000 unmounted photographs. Most of these are original prints of various sizes, but several hundred are prints made from negatives that were originally part of the collection. Among these unmounted photographs are black-and-white prints of the water colors painted by Winold Reiss.
The amateur and professional photographers who took these pictures were school trustees and faculty, friends of the principals, and other visitors, all of whom were white. Cooley and House are the sources of many of the photographs, but it was not uncommon for visitors to send their prints and often their negatives to the principals. The major photographers were:
Hubbard and Mix, Practical Photographers: These photographers ran a professional studio in Beaufort, S.C., during the 1860s, where they photographed Laura M. Towne and others from Saint Helena. They also seem to have come to Saint Helena and other Sea Islands to photograph freed slaves and slave cabins.
Samuel A. Cooley: A photographer for the federal forces during the Civil War, Cooley worked out of Savannah, Hilton Head Island, and Beaufort after the war and took several of the photographs in the collection.
Helen C. Jenks: The niece of Laura M. Towne and a trustee of Penn School, Jenks was an interested amateur photographer. Her photographs date from about 1890 to 1912.
Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House: They were teachers and principals at Penn School and their pictures date from 1904 to 1944. From internal evidence, it is probable that Rossa B. Cooley took most of the photographs. The captions of the album pictures are in her handwriting, as are those on the accompanying negative envelopes. Her pictures comprise the largest part of the Penn School photographs.
Francis R. Cope, Jr.: A trustee and later the chair of the board of trustees of Penn School, Cope was an avid amateur photographer and one of the best to photograph Penn School and Saint Helena. His pictures date from 1901 to 1944.
Isabella Curtis: She was a trustee of Penn School and a friend of the principals. She took photographs on visits made between 1915 and 1930.
Leigh Richmond Miner: He was an instructor in drawing at Hampton Institute and a professional photographer who visited Penn several times between 1907 and 1923. He used a view camera and exposed about 150 plates. Most of his photographs of Saint Helena were published in a volume edited by Edith M. Dabbs, Face of an Island: Leigh Richmond Miner's Photographs of Saint Helena Island (Columbia, S.C.: R. L. Bryan, 1970).
Lewis W. Hine: An important figure in American photography in the 20th century, Hine worked for the Survey Graphic at various times in the 1910s and the 1920s. He was an advocate of child labor laws and is perhaps most famous for his pictures of factory children. He visited Penn School in November 1919. Two photographs, probably from this visit, illustrated Rossa B. Cooley's article, "The Homes of the Freed," published in the Survey Graphic in October 1923.
Mary Isabel House: A sister of Grace B. House, she made many visits over the years.
Margaret Noyes: A friend of the principals, she visited the Island in 1937, taking a great number of photographs.
As might be expected, these and other photographers differed both in their abilities and in their choice of equipment. Among the early amateurs to use the small box cameras on the Island, Helen C. Jenks and Francis R. Cope, Jr., had perhaps the liveliest eye for composition. Jenks sometimes kept records of her exposures, indicating more than casual interest in the medium. This interest is further borne out by the 5x7 glass plates in the collection that are retouched enlargements of small prints appearing in her albums. Cope took many striking compositions of Island scenes that reveal a very proficient photographer with a flair for the dramatic. The different sizes of his negatives indicate that Cope owned a variety of cameras between 1900 and the 1940s. Rossa B. Cooley also used the box camera, but responded more to its utility as a recording instrument than to the pleasures of making beautiful pictures.
Alone among twentieth-century photographers of Penn School, Leigh Richmond Miner used a view camera, a cumbersome machine using very slow film that required long exposures on a sturdy tripod. His photographs consequently lack the candid, spontaneous quality of the pictures taken by Jenks and Cope. His careful poses of people at work are more reminiscent of nineteenth-century photographs. But the large negative utilized by the view camera captured a wealth of sharp detail that the smaller negatives missed, and Miner's photographs are quite valuable for the study of Island dress, architecture, and tools.
A variety of motives were at work in the making of the photographs in this collection. Perhaps the simplest motive was provided by the age itself. When Helen C. Jenks began photographing Saint Helena in the 1890s, photography had entered its popular phase. George Eastman had patented his Kodak in 1888, and many people could afford this simple camera (Beaumont Newhall, The History of Photography [New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1964], pp. 89-94.) Instead of presenting oneself at a professional studio for the standard portrait set against a column or exotic backdrop, one could arrange the family under a favorite linden tree and push the shutter of the small, black camera. It was the age of the snapshot.
Thus there is an exuberance in many of the early photographs of both the young Cope and Cooley and the middle-aged Jenks. It is an exuberance belonging to the youth of photography itself. Saint Helena was picturesque and exotic to these northerners more familiar with city avenues and the drawing room than with live oaks dripping with Spanish moss and African American Islanders living in primitive cabins.
And so with their cameras at the ready these men and women ranged about the Island and around the school grounds, on foot and in horse-drawn buggies, registering on film the strange and beautiful aspects of Saint Helena. They confronted the Islanders in their homes and on the roads, importuning them, sometimes successfully, to "smile for the camera." And of course they took home with them the obligatory group portraits full of faces wincing bravely into the sun. The impulse behind this kind of picture-taking, as George Eastman had recognized in 1892, was the desire for "personal pictures or memoranda of [the amateurs'] everyday life, objects, places or people that interest them in travel & c." (Ibid., p. 94.) These snapshots were gathered in albums, set out for the entertainment of visitors and the amusement of children.
But the collection is more than the naive statements of northern whites witnessing the exotic Saint Helena. It was clear to the principals and to others that the photograph was a valuable institutional record. Cooley and House especially had a strong historic sense, a sense that they were engaged in an important undertaking whose development should be documented.
Thus among the Penn School photographs are hundreds of individual students, of graduating classes, of teachers, and of school buildings under construction and completed. The principals carefully recorded the numerous calendar events at the school: the Farmers' Fairs beginning in 1906, the Planting Week functions, the picnics and trips. They and others brought their cameras to the 50th Anniversary ceremonies in 1912, to the dedication of the Frissell Memorial Community Building in 1925, to the 75th Anniversary of Penn School in 1937, and to the reunion of the Saint Helena Quartette in 1953. In these photographs are the young and old faces of Joshua and Linnie Blanton; Benjamin Boyd; A. J. Brown; Rossa B. Cooley; Hollis Burke Frissell; Grace B. House; Howard and Alice Kester; James P. King; Robert Russa Moton; George Foster Peabody; Benjamin H. Washington; and numerous men, women, and children of Saint Helena Island.
Photographs taken to record Penn's progress could also be used to publicize it, and in the struggle to encourage contributions to one of the first schools for African Americans in the South, the principals were well aware of the value of photography. As early as 1906, the principals were contrasting in photographs the demonstration corn acres to the corn grown by the old method in order to dramatize the improvement in the yield. After the storm of 1911, they photographed the Islanders' cooperative efforts to rebuild their homes. Photographs illustrated Rossa B. Cooley's articles in the Survey Graphic, her books, and Penn's annual reports. Leigh Richmond Miner's lovely photographs may have been conscious attempts to publicize Penn School in the way that Frances Benjamin Johnston's photographs had publicized Hampton Institute in 1900.
Though many of these photographs are personal documents recording private moments, in the main the Penn School photographs were meant to be seen. They were public documents promoting a social ideal and are an important part of the Penn School Papers. For where the manuscripts reveal the school mostly from an administrative point of view, the photographs reveal more directly and concretely the people of Saint Helena and specific details of life there over a 100-year period.
These photographs are arranged with the albums appearing first in chronological order followed by the unmounted photographs arranged as follows: nineteenth-century photographs, published photographs; photographs by Leigh Richmond Miner, photographs by Margaret Noyes, and miscellaneous unmounted photographs arranged chronologically. Description in quotation marks is taken either from the print or the negative of the image. Minor editing of the quoted description has been done to facilitate searching.
IMAGE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER CODE: The image identification number is derived from frame numbers in the microfilm edition of the Penn School Papers.
Images in photograph albums: The location of original images in photograph albums is indicated in this finding aid by photograph album (PA) numbers (e.g., PA-3615/78). Photograph album numbers are not used in forming the image identification number. Identification numbers are generally composed of the microfilm frame number, l for left-hand page or r for right-hand page in the original photograph album, and a lower-case letter indicating the position of the image on the page. Positions are read from top-left to top-right, then bottom-left to bottom-right. For example, image 0001ra is listed in this finding aid as physically located in PA-3615/78. Its identification number indicates that it is on a left-hand page and is the image closest to the upper left-hand corner of that page. In the microfilm edition, this image is found in frame 0001. Note that some images from photograph albums do not have left or right designations, probably because the page in question was loose in the album.
Unmounted images: Identification numbers are composed of the microfilm frame number and a letter indicating how many photographs are in that frame. For example, image identification numbers 0814a, 0814b, 0814c show that there are three images in frame 0814. Image identification number 1012 shows that there is only one image in frame 1012.
If the photographer's name is known it is listed.
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Subseries 4.1. Photograph Albums, 1899-1944.
Access Restriction: The Library permanently closed the original photograph albums in series 4.1. because the volumes are too fragile to be safely handled and the enclosed photographs should not be exposed to light. Access is provided through the existing digital facsimiles and microfilm copy. Duplication requests for these volumes are filled with the existing digital facsimiles, and the volumes will not be re-imaged to fill those requests.
5x7 glass plates are retouched copy negatives, many of which appear in the albums of Helen C. Jenks.
The numbering of the negatives corresponds with original numbering found on prints in other series and titles from those prints have been included when availible.
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/05lb |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/08la |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0315l |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0920a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Mrs. Abby Jackson in 1909, a midwife and respected member of the community class."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0920b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Jerry Alston, Penn graduate now farming on Tom Fripp Plantation."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0921a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Jesse Dorkins."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0921b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Charles Seymour - Farmer, Church deacon. One of the first Negro Soldiers, 1923."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0922a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Benjamin F. Boyd, the school carpenter."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0922b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Dr. York Bailey, Island physician."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0923a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Robert Green - Farmer, Church deacon. Vice-president of the Saint Helena Cooperative Society. One of the first Demonstrators, 19231 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0923b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Robert Green - Farmer, Church deacon. Vice-president of the Saint Helena Cooperative Society. One of the first Demonstrators, 19231 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0924a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Sidney Simmons, a Penn graduate."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0924b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "John Colonel. Farmer, Church deacon - one of the first Negro Soldiers."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0925a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Island mother with children. Photograph by Leigh Richmond Miner."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0925b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Mrs. Fred (Salome) Fripp with her first baby, Evelyn."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0926a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Mabel Grant (left) and Evelina Black (right). Photograph by Leigh Richmond Miner."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0927a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Maria Alston, midwife. Photograph by Leigh Richmond Miner."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0927b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Thomas Robinson (left), a graduate of Penn and Hampton Institute, now has his Ph.D. degree and teaches at Alabama State. Edwin Smalls (right), a Penn Graduate now deceased."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0928a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Mrs. Louisa Alston (left) and Mrs. Celia Simmons, midwives."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0928b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Mrs. Hagar Parker (left) and Mrs. Maria Alston, midwives."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0929a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The Principals & their ponies - Wonder-Wander & Sunshine. Both Island-born. also Constantine, Son of Saint Helena."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0929b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Girls with their dolls on Baby Day1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0930a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Mrs. Lillian Rhodin with children."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0930b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Temperance club members."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/16
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0931a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The graduating class of Penn School, 1924."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0931b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Lathers dormitory for boys - boarding students. Mr. Benjamin Boyd, 1922-1923."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0932a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "A Dathaw farmer grinds his corn."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0932b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "A Dathaw farmer grinds his corn."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0933a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Mrs. Green winnowing her rice."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0933b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Grinding the corn, Rebecca Green near Penn School, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0934a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Grinding the corn. Rebecca Green near Penn School, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0934b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Mrs. Green before her home adjoining Penn property at the waterfront."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0935a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Big Dick Middleton."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0935b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Brutus, an ex-slave, and his wife pose before their ancient cabin on Palawana Island."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0936a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Brutus, an ex-slave, and his wife pose before their ancient cabin on Palawana Island."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0936b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Big Dick Middleton."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0937a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Captain May Green, Island fisherman."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0937b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Aunt Adelaide, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0938a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Aunt Adelaide, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0938b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Aunt Adelaide, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0939a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Alfred Graham, the first teacher of basketry at Penn, brought the craft from Africa as a boy, 1909."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0939b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Alfred Graham, the first teacher of basketry at Penn, brought the craft from Africa as a boy, 1909."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0940a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Student demonstrates deep plowing."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/17
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0940b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Student demonstrates deep plowing."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0941a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Peggy Mack and her family planting corn by the old method."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0941b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Peggy Mack with her cow."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0942a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Peggy Mack with her cow."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0942b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Peggy Mack with her cow."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0943a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Peggy Mack."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0943b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "George Middleton of Corner Plantation bringing in the marsh grass for his home farm."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0944a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Bringing in the marsh grass."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0944b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "A young farmer brings his broken plough to Cope Shop for repair."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0945a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Farmer milking cows."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0945b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Bringing home firewood."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0946a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Cabin on Fuller Plantation."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0946b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Housekeeping lessons, Evelina Watkins, left."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0947a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Housekeeping lessons. Evelina Watkins, left."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0947b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Housekeeping lessons."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0948a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Housekeeping lessons."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0948b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Learning to cook."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0949a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Learning to cook."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0949b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The 'Faraways' come to school by boat from the fringe islands."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0950a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The arithmetic class gets a very practical lesson in cording wood from Miss McGavitt, 1908."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0950b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The arithmetic class gets a very practical lesson in cording wood from Miss McGavitt, 1908."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0951a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Back of Founders Hall, pupils cut wood for the school, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0951b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Back of Founders Hall, pupils cut wood for the school, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0952a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Penn School sugar cane mill."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0952b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Penn School sugar cane mill."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0953a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "A History class at Penn School."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0954a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Fall clean-up on the school grounds."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0954b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Fall clean-up on the school grounds."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0955a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Prophet Wyne and his family plant corn on the family farm."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0955b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Prophet Wyne and his family plant corn on the family farm."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0956a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Monthly measuring in Room I. Weights and measures made; personal and better health emphasized, 1923."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0956b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Monthly measuring in Room I. Weights and measures made; personal and better health emphasized, 1923."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0957a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Planting conservation pines in 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0957b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Planting conservation pines in 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0958a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "A. J Brown (in front of stove pipe) instructs his class in cobbling. Students are: left-right: Joseph Colonel, Edward Singleton, Sidney Simmons, William Robinson. Caption by Edith M. Dabbs."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/18
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0958b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "A. J Brown (in front of stove pipe) instructs his class in cobbling. Students are: left-right: Joseph Colonel, Edward Singleton, Sidney Simmons, William Robinson. Caption by Edith M. Dabbs."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0959a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "A parent session on health care and home management before going to the Home Acres."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0959b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Before Starting for the Home Acres."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0960a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Linnie Lumpkins Blanton teaches her first graders."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0960b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Linnie Lumpkins Blanton teaches her first graders."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0961a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Linnie Lumpkins Blanton teaches her first graders."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0961b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Henry Frazier, right, working on farm, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0962a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Henry Frazier, right, working on farm, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0962b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Miss Rossa B. Cooley, Principal of Penn School and a Vassar graduate, makes her community calls, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0963a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Miss Rossa B. Cooley, Principal of Penn School and a Vassar graduate, makes her community calls, 1907."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0963b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Ben Brown and two companions come to school by boat from Palawana Island."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0964a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The Sales House at Penn School. Where the open door often means the chance for an education. Old clothing sold till the House is dry - always a sad day on Saint Helena."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0964b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The carpentry class builds a porch for St. John's School - a small practice school for normal students who would go out as teachers in one-room, ungraded schools over the coastal area."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0965a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Miss Wormley and her fourth grade pick the mainstay of a hot lunch from the school garden."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0965b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Penn Canning Club gives a public demonstration."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0966a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Patriotism at Penn."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0966b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The home-making class works out a problem in upholstery."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0967a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Penn builders excavate for Frissell Community Hall."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/19
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0967b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Penn School Exhibition."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0968a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "[Mr. Benjamin Barnwell and boys] Starting for the State Fair, 1923."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0968b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The cemetery adjoining the Brick Church."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0969a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The cemetery adjoining the Brick Church."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0969b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Tabby ruins of the Sams home on Dathaw Island."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0970a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The Chapel of Ease."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0970b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Tabby ruins of Forth Frederick, Port Royal Island."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0971a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Ruins of Fort Frederick."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0971b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Ruins of Fort Frederick."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0972a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The result of fire protection."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0972b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Live oak covered in Spanish moss."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0973a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Oak grove at Hampton House."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0973b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Oak grove at Hampton House."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0974a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The school road between Brick Church and the Penn School playground."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/20
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0975a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Oak grove at Hampton House."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0975b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The result of an Island forest fire."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0976a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "The school acres."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0976b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Marshes of Saint Helena."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0977a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "High tide on Saint Helena Island."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
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Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0977b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Marshes at low tide."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0978a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Island marshes."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0978b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Penn waterfront looking across to Fuller Place."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0979a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Waterfront at Penn School near the center of Saint Helena Island."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0979b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Sunset on the marshes."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0980a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Marshes at low tide."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0980b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Alligator pond near the home of Louisa Alston at Land's End."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0981a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Penn School baskets."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0981b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Penn School baskets."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/0982 |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Farmers' Fair exhibition in Darrah Hall. Photograph by Leigh Richmond Miner."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/1333a |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Portrait of Rossa B. Cooley by I.M. Gangengigi, circa 1930."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/21
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/1333b |
Retouched glass plate negatives: "Portrait of Rossa B. Cooley by I. M. Gangengigi, circa 1930."1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) Title from print of image in other series/sub-series. |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/a |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/aa |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/b |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/bb |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
|
Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/c |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/cc |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/d |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/dd |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/e |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/ee |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/f |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/ff |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/g |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/gg |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/h |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/hh |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/i |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/ii |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/j |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/jj |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/k |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/kk |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/l |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/ll |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/m |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/mm |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/nn |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/o |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/p |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/q |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/r |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/s |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/t |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/u |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/v |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/w |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/x |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/y |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/x |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/y |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
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Image Box
IB-3615/22
Special Format Image SF-P-3615/z |
Retouched glass plate negatives (unidentified)1 image Black-and-White Glass Plate Negative (Copy) |
One of two albums assembled by Helen C. Jenks, whose photographs are some of the earliest visual records of school activities and Island scenes. Included are pictures of the first Penn School building; classes massed in front of the old Darrah Hall; nineteenth-century Island dress, the aftermath of the 1893 hurricane; Laura M. Towne; Frogmore Plantation; and turn of the twentieth century photographs of Beaufort, S.C. The photographs and captions are by Jenks unless otherwise indicated.
| Photograph Album PA-3615/78 |
Photograph Album |
|
Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0001l |
"Behind the school-house." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0001ra |
Island marsh |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0001rb |
Rhett house, Beaufort, S.C." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0001rc |
Island boy |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0002ra |
"Front of Penn School - from the High road." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0002rb |
"Front of Penn School - from the High road." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0002rc |
"Front of Penn School - from the High road." |
|
Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0002rd |
"Front of Penn School - from the High road." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0003l |
"Rear of school house, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0003ra |
"Temperance Band" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0003rb |
"Penn Schoolyard, 1899" |
|
Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0003rc |
Students at rear of Penn School |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0004l |
"Road near Penn School" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0004r |
"Back steps to School, 1899, Miss Laura M. Towne & Miss Ellen Murray" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0005la |
"Going in after recess" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0005lb |
"Front of the School" |
|
Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0005lc |
"Front of the School" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0005ra |
"Darrah Hall" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0005rb |
"High Road" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0005rc |
Island road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0005rd |
"Penn School Children, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0006l |
Island woman |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0006ra |
"A wayside thicket" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0006rb |
"A causeway" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0006rc |
"Butcher cart" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0006rd |
"Live oak destroyed in 1893" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0007l |
"1899," group of school children |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0007ra |
"Native children" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0007rb |
"Native children" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0007rc |
Island marshes |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0007rd |
"Near the Baptizing place" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0007re |
Island road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0008la |
"A negro cabin" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0008lb |
"1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0008lc |
Frogmore, 1898 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0008ra |
"December 1902: Native Home near Frogmore" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0008rb |
"1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0008rc |
"1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0009la |
"An Aunty" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0009lb |
Island women |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0009lc |
"In the cotton gin" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0009r |
"Tree left by the storm of 1893" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0010la |
"Mr. Gantt, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0010lb |
"James Miller" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0010r |
"Mr. Gantt, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0011la |
"On the cross road, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0011lb |
"R.R. station" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0011lc |
"A highway, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0011ld |
"Beside Darrah Hall, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0011ra |
"On Saint Helena Island, 1899," view of the marshes |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0011rb |
"On Saint Helena Island, 1899," view of the marshes |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0011rc |
"On Saint Helena Island, 1899," view of the marshes |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0011rd |
"On Saint Helena Island, 1899," view of the marshes |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0012l |
"Penn School Children, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0012ra |
"People near Frogmore December, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0012rb |
"People near Frogmore December, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0012rc |
"People near Frogmore December, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0013la |
"Frogmore School & Mr. Brown" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0013lb |
"Road near School, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0013lc |
"Turkey Buzzards" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0013ld |
"Butcher's cart, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0013r |
"The main road across the Island, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0014la |
"River near the School, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0014lb |
"River near the School, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0014ra |
"Butcher cart, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0014rb |
Island river |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0015la |
"Near Frogmore, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0015lb |
"Near Penn School, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0015r |
"The school pump" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0016l |
"Near the Village, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0016r |
"Road by Penn School" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0017la |
Penn School |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0017lb |
"Miss Murray, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0017ra |
"The Whipping Tree, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0017rb |
"La Touche," a mule |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0017rc |
"Frogmore" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0017rd |
"1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0018l |
Frogmore |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0018ra |
Frogmore, front |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0018rb |
"Spanish bayonets." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0018rc |
"Cato" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0018rd |
Frogmore, side |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0019l |
"Frogmore Turkeys, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0019ra |
"Frogmore Porch" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0019rb |
Looking toward the sea from Frogmore porch, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0019rc |
"La Touche at home" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0019rd |
"James, Miss Towne" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0020l |
"Poultry Yard at Frogmore, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0020ra |
"From the marsh," Frogmore, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0020rb |
Frogmore, front, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0020rc |
"Steps to the garden," Frogmore, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0020rd |
"The back porch, Frogmore," 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0021la |
"Frogmore chicken yard, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0021lb |
Miss Lathrop in Frogmore chicken yard |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0021lc |
"Frogmore chicken yard, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0021r |
Frogmore |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0022l |
"Penn School Children," 1902 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0022ra |
"Penn School children," 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0022rb |
Marshes, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0022rc |
Island child, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0022rd |
Island woman, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0023la |
"1902, a cabin in Beaufort" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0023lb |
Beaufort gateway |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0023lc |
"1899," Carriage |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0023ld |
"1902," Beaufort porch |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0024la |
Haystacks |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0024lb |
"Ladies Island ferry, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0024ra |
Saint Helena Episcopal Church, Beaufort, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0024rb |
"The sea front," Beaufort, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0024rc |
"The Rhett House," Beaufort, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0024rd |
"The ferry," Beaufort, 1899 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0025l |
"Gate and churchyard, Beaufort" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0025r |
"The old Darrah Hall - burned in 1893" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0026l |
"Beaufort, 1899" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0026ra |
"A family mansion," Beaufort, S.C." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0026rb |
Beaufort scenes |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0026rc |
Beaufort scenes |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0027l |
"Between Yemassee & Beaufort" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0027ra |
"Court day near Yemassee, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0027rb |
"By Yemassee station, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0028la |
"December 1902," Yemassee |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0028lb |
Railroad station, Yemassee |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0028ra |
"Side of school house," Penn School |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0028rb |
"The School yard," Penn School |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0029l |
"The Scholars at back of the School, Spring of 1901" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0029ra |
"Group of girls in a breeze" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0029rb |
"Group of scholars, 1898" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0030l |
"Miss Lathrop of Mass. and assistant" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0030r |
"Group of Scholars" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0031ra |
"Teacher & Primaries" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0031rb |
"Teacher & Pupils" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0032ra |
"Assistant & pupils" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0032rb |
"Teacher with Intermediates" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0033ra |
"Sewing teacher [Mrs. V. Brown] and Pupils" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0033rb |
"Group of scholars, 1901" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0034l |
"Darrah Hall, 1901" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0034ra |
"House of a graduate" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0034rb |
"Home of a teacher" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0034rc |
"Home of a teacher" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0035la |
"Frogmore, date uncertain" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0035lb |
"Frogmore, date uncertain" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0035lc |
"Frogmore, date uncertain" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0035ld |
"Frogmore, date uncertain" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0035r |
"A Palmetto tree" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0036ra |
A group of students |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0036rb |
Students near Penn School |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0037ra |
Penn Students |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0037rb |
Group of teachers, Mrs. Juno Washington sitting right |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0038l |
"School pump. 1901" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0038ra |
"Rear of Penn School" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0038rb |
"Darrah Hall, 1901" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0038rc |
Yard |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0039r |
"The old School House - The paling fence did not last long" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0040l |
"Darrah Hall" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0040ra |
"Superintendent's Home, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0040rb |
"Superintendent's Home, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0040rc |
"The library, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0040rd |
"The library, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0041la |
"Penn School, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0041lb |
"Penn School, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0041ra |
"Penn School, Front" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0041rb |
"Penn School, Front" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0042la |
"Temperance Band, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0042lb |
"Temperance Band, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0042ra |
"Near Frogmore, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0042rb |
Penn School Student |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0042rc |
"Penn School children, 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0043la |
"On the Highway" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0043lb |
"On the Highway" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0043lc |
"On the Highway" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0043r |
Local road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0044l |
"Near the gate of Frogmore, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0044ra |
"On the marsh near Frogmore, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0044rb |
"On the marsh near Frogmore, December 1902" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0045la |
"Eustis Plantation" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0045lb |
"Eustis Plantation" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0045ra |
"New Carpenters Shop, December 1903" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0045rb |
"Ebenezer Church" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0045rc |
Cabin |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0046ra |
"Dawkins' house, Darrah Hall, March 1904." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0046rb |
"Causeway by Ebenezer Church" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0047l |
"Landing on school grounds" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0047ra |
"Meadows by Ebenezer Church" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0047rb |
"Site for new school, March 21st 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0048la |
Penn School Grounds |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0048lb |
Marching to Darrah Hall |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0048ra |
"Collecting at Darrah Hall for the morning exercises, singing etc." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0048rb |
View of school house |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0049l |
"Supply shed for Carpentry Dep't. Built out of Old School House, 1905" See 119ra |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0049ra |
"Rear of old school buildings, March 22, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0049rb |
"Rear of old school buildings, March 22, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0049rc |
"Rear of old school buildings, March 22, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0050ra |
"Front window of school" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0050rb |
"Rear" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0051la |
Darrah Hall, interior |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0051lb |
"Method of heating" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0051ra |
"Interior of old school, main building" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0051rb |
"Ellen Murray's room, March 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0052la |
"In Darrah Hall, March 22, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0052lb |
"In Darrah Hall, March 22, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0052ra |
"In Miss Murray's room" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0052rb |
"Miss L[athrop] - teacher" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0052rc |
"Singing in Darrah Hall" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0053l |
"Cotton Field at the End of the Season" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0053ra |
Marsh scene |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0053rb |
"March 1904," students in classroom |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0053rc |
"Darrah Hall" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0054la |
View of Penn School from the road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0054lb |
View of Penn School from the road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0054lc |
River scene |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0054ld |
View of Penn School from the road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0054r |
River near Penn School |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0055la |
Children leaving School |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0055lb |
"Miss Lathrop" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0055ra |
"Miss Murray," and class |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0055rb |
"Miss Murray, Miss Lathrop," and class |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0055rc |
Miss Murray and class |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0055rd |
Group of men |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0056la |
"Mr. and Mrs. Dawkins and baby Wilder"P. W. Dawkins, Superintendent of Industries; Emma Jennie Dawkins, instructor in cooking and sewing. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0056lb |
"Mr. and Mrs. Stevens"W. G. Stephens, school carpenter and instructor in carpentry; Louise Stephen, instructor in nursing. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0056ra |
"Front street in Beaufort, March 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0056rb |
"Churchyard, Beaufort" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0057l |
"New School house, Founders Hall, January 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0057ra |
"New school house; to be called Founders Hall, January 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0057rb |
"Teachers' Home To be called Hampton House, January 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0057rc |
Scene |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0058la |
"Near the Teachers' Home, January 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0058lb |
"Near the Teachers' Home, January 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0058lc |
"Near the Teachers' Home, January 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0059la |
View of Founders HallPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0059lb |
"Entrance to school Grounds"Photograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0059lc |
Students before Founders Hall, see 0068laPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0059ra |
"Founders Hall" See 0067rcPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0059rb |
Road leading to Founders Hall, see 0068raPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0059rc |
"Hampton House"Photograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0060la |
Road and tree, see 0068lbPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0060lb |
Big oak, see 0069laPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0060lc |
Islanders on road, see 0068lcPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0060ld |
Man in wagonPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0060ra |
"Miss Cooley," Uncle Sam and Evelyn Cope in carriage, see 0067raPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0060rb |
Children on road, see 0068rcPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0060rc |
"Cotton Gin" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/78
Image P-3615/0061r |
Founders Hall Plaque to Laura Towne and Ellen Murray |
Assembled by Francis R. Cope, Jr. Included are pictures, 1901-1908, of Islanders, Ellen Murray and Alice Lathrop, Frogmore, landscapes, and other people and scenes. The pictures and captions are by Cope unless otherwise indicated.
| Photograph Album PA-3615/79 |
Photograph Album |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0063ra |
"Frogmore in 1901" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0063rb |
"Near Frogmore Ave. Entrance" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0063rc |
"Frogmore mansion, [home of] Misses Towne & Murray" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0063rd |
"Old Slave House, Frogmore" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0064la |
Islanders |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0064lb |
"Frogmore (from Island)" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0064lc |
Hanging tree |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0064ld |
"Frogmore" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0064ra |
Scene |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0064rb |
"School Road" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0064rc |
"First Penn School House" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0064rd |
"Miss Murray and Miss Lathrop" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0065la |
Scene |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0065lb |
"Frogmore - from the Island" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0065lc |
"Frogmore" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0065ld |
"Causeway to Frogmore Island" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0065ra |
Low tide, live Oak trees |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0065rb |
Low tide, live Oak trees |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0065rc |
Low tide, live Oak trees |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0065rd |
Low tide, live Oak trees |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0066la |
"James Miller of Frogmore" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0066lb |
Little boy |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0066lc |
Island cabin |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0066ld |
Marsh scene |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0066ra |
"Jas. Miller's house" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0066rb |
Marsh scene |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0066rc |
"[James] Miller [and Mr. Gantt] with Jackies" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0066rd |
Island home |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0067la |
Mrs. Macdonald, right, and unidentified woman |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0067lb |
Road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0067lc |
Ruins of Chapel of Ease on Saint Helena Island |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0067ld |
Ruins of Chapel of Ease on Saint Helena Island |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0067ra |
"Miss Cooley, (E[velyn] F.M.C[ope]), & Uncle Sam" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0067rb |
"Founders Hall (from rear)" April 1904 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0067rc |
"Main School Bldg. (Founders Hall)," April 1903 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0067rd |
"Mother and baby calf," April 1904 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0068la |
Penn School children |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0068lb |
Live oak |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0068lc |
Islanders on road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0068ld |
Islanders on road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0068ra |
Road approaching Founders Hall |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0068rb |
Road near Penn School |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0068rc |
Children returning from garden |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0068rd |
"Penn School Child," April 1904 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0069la |
"Indian Hill, live oak" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0069lb |
Man driving ox cart |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0069lc |
Mr. and Mrs. Stevens |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/79
Image P-3615/0069ld |
"Hampton House, 1908" |
Assembled by Grace B. House with photographs by Rossa B. Cooley, Grace B. House, and Helen C. Jenks unless otherwise indicated. The captions are by House unless otherwise indicated. Included are pictures of school buildings, classes and teachers, Hampton teachers, Decoration Day, and Alfred Graham and his native basketry class. Many of these pictures are also displayed in Volumes 78 and 82 and on microfilm between frames 0001 and 0060 and frames 0115 and 0162.
| Photograph Album PA-3615/80 |
Photograph Album |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0071r |
"St. John's House for primary [children] - leaks at every pore!" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0072l |
"Old School house. Supports too rotten to use." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0072r |
"Darrah Hall - used for all public meetings. White building in background. Frame for house of teacher of Agriculture Wm. Dawkins." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0073l |
"Brick Church that survived the cyclone." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0073r |
"Miss Murray, Miss Lathrop" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0074r |
"Decoration Day" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0075l |
"Frogmore Home of Miss Murray" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0075r |
"View from Frogmore." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0076l |
Islander with ox cart |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0076r |
Cotton field |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0077r |
"Little Library"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0078l |
"Old School House, 1902"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0078r |
"Children back of school house, 1902"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0079l |
"New School House, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0079r |
"Grove in front of School House, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0080l |
"Pigs in front of Teachers' House Showing need of fence" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0080r |
"Teachers' House, 1905," Hampton House |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0081l |
"Farmers Conference, 1905," in Darrah Hall |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0081r |
"Farmers Conference, 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0082l |
"Class in basketry, 1905," Mr. Alfred Graham, teacherItem discovered to be missing as of 20 March 2012. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0082r |
Alfred Graham's class in Basketry, 1905 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0083l |
"One of the Agricultural Class, 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0083r |
"Primary Class, 1905," Linnie Lumpkins, teacher |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0084l |
"Class in Community Work, 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0084r |
"Class in Community Work, 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0085l |
"Community Class, 1905," Mrs. Dawkins, leader |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0085r |
"Going to hold service in a cabin of a bedridden woman"Penn School teachers, left-right: J. E. Blanton, holding reins; Antoinette Norwell, Mary Alice Person, Helena McGavitt, Linnie Lumpkins, Mabel Hickman. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0086l |
"Big oak on Indian Hill Plantation" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0086r |
River near Ebenezer Church |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0087l |
"Founders Hall" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0087r |
"Temporary quarters for teachers - now used as dormitory for boys" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0088r |
Island home after storm |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0089l |
Island man on Ebenezer Church road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0090l |
"Thanksgiving Turkey and the Basket weaving Teacher, 1905," Alfred Graham |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0090r |
"An offering, 1905," Robert Gibbs with rice and corn |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0091l |
"In Darrah Hall" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0091r |
"Teachers from Hampton," see 0121rb |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0092l |
Miss Lumpkins's class before school session |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0092r |
Miss Lumpkins's class before school session |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0093r |
Students before school session |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0094l |
Students before school session |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/80
Image P-3615/0094r |
One of the public schools |
Album of unknown origin with pictures of a visit to the Island by friends of Rossa B. Cooley. It begins with photographs of Beaufort and the ferry and ends with photographs of a departure from Saint Helena. Included are the first pictures of Rossa B. Cooley and Grace B. House, pictures of the ferry landing in Beaufort, and pictures of Island scenes.
| Photograph Album PA-3615/81 |
Photograph Album |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0096l |
Beaufort, S.C. Rhett house |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0096r |
Beaufort, S.C." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0097l |
Beaufort, S.C." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0097r |
Ferry landing at Beaufort |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0098l |
Corner Store, Beaufort |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0098r |
Hampton House, Saint Helena |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0099l |
Grace B. House, school principal |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0099r |
Penn School campus |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0100l |
Founders Hall |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0100r |
Penn School grove |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0101l |
Hampton House |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0101r |
School library |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0102l |
Rossa B. Cooley and Joshua Blanton |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0102r |
Rossa B. Cooley feeding the hogs |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0103l |
Three young men |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0103r |
Lumber yard |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0104l |
Rossa B. Cooley, Penn School principal |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0104r |
Rossa B. Cooley |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0105l |
Ruins of Chapel of Ease, Saint Helena |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0105r |
Oyster boats |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0106l |
Island home |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0106r |
Island home |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0107l |
Storage house |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0107r |
Big oak on Indian Hill plantation |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0108l |
Ox Cart allowing the wagon to pass by |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0108r |
Big pine |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0109l |
King Yuccas |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0109r |
Island pine tree |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0110l |
Island cabin |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0110r |
Island cabin |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0111l |
Visitors leaving |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0111r |
Rossa B. Cooley waving goodbye |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0112l |
Boat crew |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0112r |
Rossa B. Cooley on dock |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0113l |
Ox cart on Penn School road |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/81
Image P-3615/0113r |
Building in a city |
Volume I of nine official Penn School display albums. The volume was assembled and captioned by Rossa B. Cooley. Photographs are by Cooley or Grace B. House unless otherwise indicated. Included are pictures of Beaufort, Penn School buildings, teachers, classes, Island individuals, and scenery. There is a series of before-and-after shots of Aunt Jane's house being repaired with boards taken from the old school house. There are also pictures of threshing rice, crushing sugar cane in the mill, and the first Farmers' Fair.
| Photograph Album PA-3615/82 |
Photograph Album |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0115la |
"Bay Street, Beaufort, S.C.," circa 1900Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0115lb |
"Beaufort, S.C. Taken from the river."Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0115r |
"The First School House for Negroes. 1862." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0116la |
The first Penn School, circa 1900Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0116lb |
Founders HallPhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0116ra |
"Founders Hall. 1904." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0116rb |
"Rear of Founders Hall" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0117la |
"Old barn. Torn down in 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0117lb |
"New barn. Built in 1904-1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0117r |
"After the storm of 1893"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0118la |
"Carpenter's Cottage. 1903, moved and changed to Cope Cottage." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0118lb |
"St John School House." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0118r |
"Main Road toward Frogmore"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0119la |
Darrah HallPhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0119lb |
"Hampton House. [May] 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0119lc |
"Dawkins' house Darrah Hall, March 1904," see 0046raPhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0119ra |
"Supply shed for Carpentry Dep't. Built out of Old School House. 1905" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0119rb |
"Carpenter's Shop, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0119rc |
Darrah HallPhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0120la |
"Teachers' Group, 1905. Miss Davis, Guest."Sitting, left-right: Helena McGavitt, Lucy Davis, unidentified woman, Antoinette Norwell (partially obscured), unidentified woman, Linnie Lumpkins, unidentified woman, Mary Alice Person. Standing, left-right: Alfred Graham, Juno Washington, Rossa B. Cooley. Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0120lb |
"Teachers' Group, 1905. Miss Lucy Davis, Mrs. Jenks, Guests."Grace B. House, 2nd from right, bottom step. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0120ra |
"Hampton House. Built 1904." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0120rb |
"School Boys, 1904 [March 1905]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0121l |
"First Boarding Department, 1905. Jacob Hipp. Lewis Pinckney. Richard Coles" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0121ra |
"The Portables - Teachers' Quarters & Dining Room & Kitchen. 1905 [March 1906]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0121rb |
"[Hampton] Teachers - 1905" at Penn SchoolStanding, left-right: J. E. Blanton, Mary Alice Person, Mabel Hickman, Linnie Lumpkins. Sitting, left-right: Helena McGavitt, Antoinette Norwell, 1905. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0122l |
"The Boys Barracks, 1906 - Made from the Portables [Called Camp Lincoln, destroyed by wind storm October 1907]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0122ra |
"Benezet House. Completed, March 1906." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0122rb |
"First Benezet House Family. [May 1906]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0123la |
"Tide River by Ebenezer Church at Low Tide."Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0123lb |
"Tide River by Ebenezer Church - High Tide [1905]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0123ra |
"Missionary Teachers, 1905. [The Missionary Wagon. Teachers Going to Ring to Mary Jenkins, May 1906]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0123rb |
"Aunt Elsie's Cabin"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0124la |
"At the Ferry. Uncle George, Mrs. F.R. Copein Carriage." Rossa B. Cooley holding horsePhotograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0124lb |
"Hastings Gantt," 1907 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0124lc |
"Penn School child," April 1904Photograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0124ld |
"Factory Children"Photograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0124r |
Island scenicPhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0125la |
"Bringing Milk to Hampton House, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0125lb |
"Fish for Hampton House, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0125r |
Island cabinPhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0126la |
"Community Class. Mrs. Dawkins, leader, 1904." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0126lb |
"At the Sales House." 1908 |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0126ra |
Teachers' home."Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0126rb |
"Thaddeus Watkins at home" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0127l |
"Aunt Betsy Glover, Hopes Plantation" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0127ra |
"Seeing the First White Faces, 1904" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0127rb |
"Aunt Elsie - at Hampton House for 'Rubbin,'" 1905 |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0128la |
"Aunt Jane's Cabin. 1904" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0128lb |
"Aunt Jane & her [old] Cabin. 1904" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0128ra |
"School boys. School house, to work cabin."School boys tearing down old school houseto make cabin. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0128rb |
"School Carpenter mending leak in Aunt Jane's New Cabin, 1905" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0128rc |
"Old school house, 1901"Aunt Jane's New Cabin, made from boards of the old school house and put up by school boys, 1905. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0129la |
"Aunt Jane." 1906 |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0129lb |
"Aunt Jane & her new Shawl," 1906 |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0129ra |
"Mr. & Mrs. Brown, Penn School Graduates, Palawana Island." 1906 |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0129rb |
"Uncle Billy Perry" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0130l |
Woman on roadPhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0130ra |
"Threshing Rice, 1905." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0130rb |
"Bowing to de School ladies" 1905 |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0131la |
"Mr. [Alfred] Graham and our Sunday dinner." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0131lb |
"On Corner Plantation" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0131ra |
"John Jackson's house"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0131rb |
"Aunt Elsie's Cabin"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0131rc |
"Hoeing ground nuts" 1906 |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0132l |
"Dr. [Mary] Harley and some patients, 1906" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0132r |
"Aunt Satira Washington"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0133l |
"In the Grove - Ready to march to Darrah Hall." Miss Lumpkins, teacher, 1905 |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0133ra |
"Grade I, Miss Lumpkins, 1904." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0133rb |
"Grade I, Miss Lumpkins, 1904." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0134la |
"Grade II, Mrs. Juno Washington, 1904 [1905]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0134lb |
"Grade III, Miss Florine Washington, 1904 [1905]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0134ra |
"Grade V, Miss Alice Person, 1904" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0134rb |
"Grade IV, Miss Celia Bailey, 1904" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0135la |
"Grade VI, Miss [Viola] Chaplin, 1905" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0135lb |
"Grade VII, Miss [Viola] Chaplin, 1905" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0135ra |
"Grade VIII, Miss [Alice] Lathrop, 1905." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0135rb |
"Grade IX, Miss Murray, 1905." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0136la |
"Alice and Fentris Dawkins, Dan and theGoat! [1905]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0136lb |
"Dan [Geddis at Hampton House], 1904[1905]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0136ra |
"The Twins - Mahala and Viola Green, 1904 [1905]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0136rb |
"Dan [Geddis], 1904 [1905]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0137la |
"Thomas and Thaddeus Watkins, 1905" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0137lb |
"Alex Brown, 1905" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0137ra |
"Geneva Adele Brown, 1905 [1906]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0137rb |
"Daisy Chisholm, 1905 [1906]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0138la |
"Thomas Watkins, 1905 [1906]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0138lb |
"Thaddeus Watkins, 1905 [1906]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0138ra |
"Dan, 1905" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0138rb |
"Geneva Gregory, 1905 [1906]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0139la |
"Temperance Monday [1906]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0139lb |
"Eddings Point School, Mr. Ezekiel Grant [1906]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0139ra |
"Farmers' Fair Exhibit, 1906 [South Side of Darrah Hall]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0139rb |
"Farmers' Fair Exhibit, 1906 [North Side of Darrah Hall]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0140la |
"Farmers' Fair, 1906." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0140lb |
"Stock Exhibit - Farmers' Fair" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0140ra |
"Mona Smalls and her Exhibit, Sugar Cane, Shuck Mat and Rice." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0140rb |
"Robert Gibbs and his Exhibit - Rice and Corn" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0141la |
"Bale of Long Staple Cotton for Exhibit at Farmers' Fair" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0141lb |
"Farmers' Fair, 1906" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0141ra |
"School Road. [Mrs. Brown's] Lunches for Sale [1906]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0141rb |
"Cotton for the gin [Plantation Road, 1905]" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0142la |
Marsh scenePhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0142lb |
Marsh scenePhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0142lc |
Marsh scenePhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0142ld |
Marsh scenePhotograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0142ra |
"Popes Savannah" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0142rb |
"Palmetto on School Grounds"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0143la |
"In Children's Garden, 1905." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0143lb |
"Day school boys picking Cotton [1905]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0143r |
"School boys [and Joshua Blanton] planting Palmetto by Hampton House" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0144la |
"Palmettos at Eddings Point [November 1905]. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0144lb |
"Palmetto on School Grounds"Photograph by Helen C. Jenks. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0144ra |
"Shore Line. West side school grounds [1906]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0144rb |
"Shore Line. West side of school grounds." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0145la |
"Road toward Ebenezer Church [1905]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0145lb |
"School Road toward Ebenezer Church [1909] |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0145ra |
"School Pump [by the Road; 1906]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0145rb |
"The School Mules Bob & Thaddeus." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0146la |
"Cotton for the gin." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0146lb |
"Turnips for the School [purchased from the store, 1907]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0146ra |
"Ben Brown starting for School from Palawana Island [March 1907]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0146rb |
"Marshes. Palawana Island [on Corner Plantation, 1905]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0147la |
"Road to Hampton House"Photograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0147lb |
"Hampton House Gates, 1906 [May 1909]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0147ra |
"The Old People [Cabin at Coffins Point, 1905]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0147rb |
"Hastings Gantt, 1907"Photograph by Francis R. Cope, Jr. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0148la |
"Live Oaks at Port Royal." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0148lb |
"Wood Road. Long needle pines. Mr. Lee's Place." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0148r |
"Community Class, 1906." (Mrs. Juno Washington, far right)." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0149la |
"Group of students, scholarships paid by Vassar College, 1906 [1908]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0149lb |
"William Gregory and Primus Chisholm" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0149r |
"Grade I, Miss Lumpkins, 1906." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0150la |
"Planting Pines by Hampton House, 1905 [1906]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0150lb |
"Planting Cotton." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0150ra |
Plowing instructions |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0150rb |
"Sugar Cane Mill - at the School [1907]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0151la |
"Saint Helena Island Baskets, 1906" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0151lb |
"Class in Basketry, Mr. [Alfred] Graham, teacher, 1906." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0151ra |
"Boarding Pupils, 1908" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0151rb |
"Teachers' Group, 1908."Sitting, left-right: unidentified woman, Antoinette Norwell, Rosetta Mason, Linnie Lumpkins, Portia Payton, Lizzie Savage, Rossa B. Cooley. Standing, left-right: unidentified woman, Mabel Hickman, Helena McGavitt, Joshua E. Blanton, Helen Lou James, three unidentified women, and Juno Washington. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0152l |
"Edith Warren, graduate, Ed Middleton, Nancy Wright, Graduate, 1908 [First class for Certification. Ed Middleton failed.]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0152r |
"Mulberry Hill School" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0153l |
"Grade III, Miss [Harriet] Morris, teacher, 1908." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0153ra |
"Grade VII, Miss [Helen Lou] James, teacher, 1908" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0153rb |
"Grades VII & VIII, Miss James, teacher, 1908." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0154la |
"Ready for Community Work [Jubilee & the Sunshine Cart - Miss House & Self, 1908]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0154lb |
"Teachers' Group. Also M. C. Washington and P. Wilson, 1908." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0154ra |
"Eustis School house - before Repairs" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0154rb |
"Eustis School House, repaired by Penn School boys [November 1908]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0155la |
"Marie Seabrook." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0155lb |
"Boarding Girls - Lula Alston & Ophelia Fields [1908]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0155r |
"Arthur Kenlaw, [boarding student] on his arrival. (Pinckney Island)" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0156l |
"Grade I, Miss Lumpkins, Teacher, May 1909" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0156r |
"Marion Mitchell in school garden. Help me to be a Farmer [May 1909]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0157la |
"Benezet House [May 1909]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0157lb |
"Hampton House." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0157r |
"The New Mowing Machine, Mr. Blanton, Farmer" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0158la |
"The Berkshire (3 wks old) & the Islanders (3 mos. old)" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0158lb |
Island pig (for contrast) |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0158lc |
"Berkshire - 3 weeks old. The last of the native Islanders - 3 months old [1909]." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0158ld |
"The Berkshires - 1909" |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0158r |
"Martha and her pigs - Mr. Blanton, Farmer, 1909." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0159l |
"School boys building the Engine House, 1909." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0159r |
"Pump House Completed, April 1909" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0160la |
"School children filling ditches for water pipes." |
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PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0160lb |
"The Water Tower. Completed in April 1909. 10,000 gal. 50' Tower." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0160r |
"View of grounds from Water Tank. Benezet, Cope Cottage, & Hampton House" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0161la |
"Mr. Johnson's Sycamore, one season's growth [1908-1909]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0161lb |
"Mr. Johnson's Sycamore, one season's growth [1908-1909]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0161r |
"Graduating Class, May 1909." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0162l |
"Hampton House Yuccas, June 1, 1909 [Used for the Blanton's Wedding]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/82
Image P-3615/0162r |
"Wharf at Ladies Island, Beaufort in the distance [June 1909]." |
Volume II of official Penn School display albums. The volume was assembled and captioned by Rossa B. Cooley. Photographs are by Cooley or Grace B. House unless otherwise indicated (some are by Francis R. Cope, Jr., or Mary Isabel House). Included are pictures of buildings and scenery; individuals, including William R. Towne, brother of Laura M. Towne; Hollis Burke Frissell at the baptism of a teacher's child; work scenes of men pounding rice; Joshua Blanton, agent for demonstration farms, with demonstration farmers; a river baptism near Ebenezer Baptist Church; and pictures taken on a trip to Savannah, Ga., in 1910.
| Photograph Album PA-3615/83 |
Photograph Album |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0164l |
"Founders Hall, 1909." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0164ra |
"Hampton House, 1904." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0164rb |
"Hampton House, 1908"Taken from South showing the pine trees. |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0165la |
"Carpenter's Cottage [before removal], 1904 [1905]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0165lb |
"Cope Cottage - The Carpenter's Cottage moved and enlarged [1909]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0165ra |
"Cope Cottage - Nurse's office at right of picture [1909]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0165rb |
"Cherokee Cottage [1909]" |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0166la |
"Scholarship Group. Through Horatio Carter Esq [1908]." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0166lb |
"Aunt Jane [Brantley], 1905." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0166ra |
"Grade VI. Miss McGavitt, Teacher, 1908." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0166rb |
"Group of Teachers, 1908." |
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Photograph Album
PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0167la |
"Grade II. Miss Savage, Teacher, 1908 [1910]." |
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PA-3615/83
Image P-3615/0167lb |
"Carpenter Shop & Supply Shed, 1905." |
| Photograph Album P |