Correspondents are chiefly relatives and friends. In 1908, there is a typed transcription of a letter from Roan Critz, former slave of Haman and Elizabeth Critz to Mrs. T. M. George about the death of her mother. In 1917, there are letters relating to George's desire to attend officers' training camp. Documents show that, when a hernia blocked his way to this goal, George accepted an assistantship at Princeton. Later, he became a private in the Medical Crops and was stationed at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington, D.C., where he was a member of a team investigating neurological issues.

Letters from 1919 show that George was teaching at the University of Georgia. In 1920, after a brief flirtation with a position at the University of Tennessee Medical School, George began teaching and conducting research at the Anatomy Department of the Medical School at the University of North Carolina. From 1921 to 1940, there are a small number of letters about UNC administrative issues and a few relating to reunions of the UNC Class of 1911. In 1940, there are several letters congratulating George on becoming head of the Anatomy Department.

Throughout this period, there are scattered letters from relatives about routine family affairs, and, in 1926, there is a series of letters about a financial settlement relating to a mortgage note. No letters relate to George's courtship of or 1926 marriage to Wilma Kirk Green of Monroe, N.C.

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, a few letters from George's friend E. L. Mark, director of Harvard's Bermuda Biological Station for Research, touch on biological issues, and, in the 1930s, a few items relate to blood studies conducted by George.

Very scattered family letters continue, but most items relate to racial issues, particularly arguments against race mixing (or race amalgamation, as it was sometimes called) on the basis of genetics. The first letter in this series sets the tone for the remainder of the collection. In his 23 March 1944 letter to Rev. Charles M. Jones of Chapel Hill, George wrote, "The presence in this country of the white race and the black race in large numbers presents a problem which is, to my mind, the most fundamental problem facing the country. ... In attempting to break down the barriers against social intermingling of the two races you are, I believe, doing a great disservice to the negro and incalculable harm to the white race and the civilization of America. There may be those who do not object to looking forward to an America populated by a nation of mulattoes, but that is not the future for my country that I anticipate with pleasure." The second letter, dated 24 May 1944 and addressed to Howard W. Odum, sociologist at UNC who also bred prize cattle, amplified the theme of race mixing, giving it the scientific bent that is central to George's work in genetics: "You are a breeder of fine cattle, and know something about genetics. And yet according to newspaper accounts and local reports you are promoting public policies the ultimate results of which would be to do to the white race in America the sort of thing that would be done to your Jersey herd if the state were to require you to incorporate into your herd the sorriest scrub bull in North America. I don't understand."

From the mid-1940s through the early 1950s, there are many letters from George to various church leaders, particularly Rev. Jones and Rev. David W. Yates, rector of the Chapel of the Cross, Chapel Hill, N.C., about interracial activities, both documented and alleged, in Chapel Hill churches and elsewhere.

In an 19 April 1947 letter to UNC President Frank Porter Graham, George cited one of his first public statements on race mixing, quoting his own 1933 letter protesting the decision to admit Jews at UNC "without regard to race." In the quoted letter, George had written, "I wish it might never be necessary to direct any restrictive measure against Jews or any other race, but it may be necessary to do so in order to protect another race or racial culture." In an undated 1950 letter to Willis Smith, George outlined his objections to Graham's U.S. senatorial candidacy.

In 1951, George complained to UNC President Gordon Gray about the alleged indoctrination of UNC co-eds by such organizations as the Federal Council of Churches that "stands for racial brotherhood." Also in 1951 and continuing through 1953, there are materials relating to George's tenure as president of the North Carolina Academy of Sciences. These are chiefly routine organizational materials and items relating to the Symposium on Genetics and Contemporary Problems, which George orchestrated for the May 1952 annual meeting.

In 1954, spurred by the Supreme Court's Brown decision, George wrote articles against school integration and circulated a petition in Orange County, which, according to a summary and copies of actual signed petitions filed with the undated 1954 materials, was sent to Governor Luther Hodges and state legislators in support of "...a policy of continued separation of white and negro children in schools [that] had its origin in a desire to strengthen the hands of our legal representatives who would protect us from racial deterioration." In November and December 1954, there are many letters of support for this petition, which ultimately was sent to Hodges with about 5,730 signatures.

A 2 December 1954 letter to Mr. French contains a good summary of how school integration related to George's genetic "proof" of the necessity of racial segregation: "Briefly, my position is this: Bringing the two sexes of the two races together in more intimate social and semi social relations, as in schools, during childhood and young adulthood promotes the illicit and legitimate crossing of blood. This in the course of time will result in the destruction of the white and colored races and the substitution of a mulatto race. Reproduction in humans follows the laws of heredity that are known for animals and for humans. Consequently, the resulting blend of races would be a blend of the physical, intellectual and creative qualities of the two races. That would be socially bad because: All the evidence that we have indicates that the negro races [are] on the average definitely below the white races in intellectual ability and creativeness. ... We can't afford to take a chance on lowering the quality of our race and destroying our civilization."

Beginning around 1951, there are newsletters and other mailings from various individuals and organizations. Many of these items graphically portray hatred of African-Americans, Jews, and others. A large portion of these materials focus on alliances, alleged or real, between white women and African-American men (e.g., many reproductions of photographs of Ava Gardner and Sammy Davis, Jr.), while others concentrate on showing African-Americans in a negative light (e.g., drawings filed with undated 1954 materials). Included are materials from a few states' rights leagues and citizens' councils. There are also materials from the more scholarly American Eugenics Society and the occasional misdirected piece from the NAACP.

Materials relating to the school segregation petition continue; the petition itself appears to have been forwarded to Governor Hodges in late January 1955, although signed copies of the petition were returned to George well into 1955. The volume of newsletters and other items from individuals and organizations escalates considerably during this period. Among the groups represented are the Association for Preservation of the White Race, the Federation for Constitutional Government, the American Society for the Preservation of State Government and Racial Integrity, the National Association for the Advancement of White People, the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, White Men Incorporated, and many states' rights leagues and citizens' councils. There is also some material from the American Eugenics Society.

The Patriots of North Carolina, Inc., with George as its first president, is the most important and most heavily documented organization during this period. Based in Greensboro, N.C., the group was organized in 1954, but did not really become active until 1955. The Patriots' goals, as stated in the 1955 charter and other literature, were: "...to maintain the purity and culture of the white race and Anglo-Saxon institutions; to promote the peace, domestic tranquility and the best interest and general welfare of all citizens; to encourage and promote friendly racial relations and racial peace and good will; [and] to promote the value of maintaining the existing social structure in North Carolina in which two distinct races heretofore have lived as separate groups, and the value of educating the different races in separate schools." Most 1956 items relate to the Patriots, including a great many filed with the undated 1956 items. The group, however, was short-lived. In 1956, there are many documents relating to questionable financial practices of board members, and, by 1957, letters show that George had resigned from the board, stating that the Patriots were more concerned with fighting among themselves than working towards the organization's goals. Also in 1957, documents show that George became dissatisfied with the American Eugenics Society over the election of Montague Cobb and Bentley Glass to the board of directors.

During this period, there continue to be materials that demonstrate support for George's theories, reveal George's hostility towards the "liberals" with whom he lived and worked in Chapel Hill and towards members of various religious organizations, and document the constant barrage of writings and speeches on racial issues that he produced and widely disseminated. Many who were sent copies of George's writings politely acknowledged receipt without stating their opinion of the content, but some prominent individuals were more friendly. In a letter, dated 11 August 1955, for example, North Carolina Governor Luther Hodges wrote that he and George appeared to agree on Hodges's plan for voluntary school segregation. In a 2 September 1955 follow-up letter, Hodges asked George, "Have you any specific ideas as to what we can and ought to do if the Negroes do not accept the voluntary plan, and there are evidences that they will not." Also, beginning around July 1956, there are many letters and other items from H. M. Roland, superintendent of New Hanover County and Wilmington City schools, who responded favorably to the scientific language of George's arguments and, over the years, attempted to use George's writings as support for continued segregation of North Carolina public schools. In March 1957, George began an enduring correspondence with R. Carter Pittman of Pittman, Kinney & Pope of Dalton, Ga., counsel for the white children involved in the Stell v. Savannah-Chatham County Board of Education school integration case (see series 1.4).

There are also a considerable number of letters and other items George received from individuals and organizations with extremist ideas on race relations. Very few items represent views contradictory to George's. There are also few family or personal materials and little relating to George's tenure at UNC.

Although there are some references to the Patriots as late as April 1960, the group appears to have been replaced by the North Carolina Defenders of States' Rights around 1958. George served on the board of directors, and James P. Dees, rector of Trinity Episcopal Church, Statesville, N.C., was the president. While still fighting the battle to maintain racial segregation, the Defenders, especially in their later years, added a strong anti-communist stand. Although George was a less active Defender than he had been a Patriot, he still managed a lively correspondence with Dees and other members of the group at least through 1963, when the Defenders appear to have disbanded. Some movement towards starting a new patriots' group is evident in materials from 1964, but a letter dated 5 September 1964 shows that Dees had already moved on to the Anglican Orthodox Church of North America, which he and others had founded in November 1963. A brochure accompanying this letter states that members of the Church believed "...that the primary objective of the church should be to glorify God ... and not to issue edicts on social, political and economic matters, stirring up strife and discord and civil disobedience." There is no evidence that George was directly involved in any patriot-type groups after 1963. (For additional information on the Patriots of North Carolina, see a letter dated 20 January 1964, that contains George's summary of the group's activities. See also the taped and transcribed interview with George in Series 5.)

In February 1958, George started his campaign to persuade conservative I. Beverly Lake to run for governor in 1960. In 1959 and 1960, many items relate to George's activities as a manager, with strong support from the Defenders, of Lake's Democratic primary (28 May) and primary runoff (25 June) races. Included is a scattering of items documenting some of the financial contributions made to the campaign, particularly by small donors. After Lake's loss to Terry Sanford, letters show that George and his supporters endorsed the eventual loser, Republican Robert L. Gavin.

In 1959, George became interested in race issues in other countries, particularly in South Africa and Rhodesia. Materials reflecting this interest include papers in March 1959 documenting George's disapproval of the trip to South Africa made by UNC sociologist Guy Johnson, and letters showing that George hosted South African officials in 1962 and 1963. George's international interests later seemed to focus on supporting anti-communist and anti-United Nations groups.

Starting around 1960, there are scattered papers documenting George's thoughts on academic freedom, particularly as it relates to what he saw as indoctrination of college students by liberal professors and administrators. While George was also concerned with blocking invitations from local universities to liberal speakers--Hubert Humphrey, Langston Hughes (e.g., letter of 22 July 1960), Linus Pauling--there are only a few letters that directly relate to the 1965 Speaker Ban controversy that rocked UNC campuses. Similarly, there are very few items relating to the bitter fight that erupted in Chapel Hill when a fraternity pledged a black member in the same year. On a related topic, there are many items about the 1960 appointment as editor-in-chief of the Encyclopedia Britannica of Harry Ashmore, who George labeled "an aggressive propagandist for race-mixing."

Many items in this time period relate to George's efforts to provide "scientific proof" of the inferiority of non-whites based on genetics. In 1961, "Race, Heredity, and Civilization" was published and widely disseminated by Britons Publishing Society, London, England, publisher of The Mankind Quarterly, International Quarterly Journal of Ethnology, Human Genetics, Ethno-psychology and Anthropo-geography , which began publication around 1960 and carried articles by George as late as 1968. On 18 October 1962, an editor at Britons wrote, "Your book is going all over the White World and I think it is doing a lot of good." In 1961, George was commissioned (see invoice dated 17 October 1971) by Governor John Patterson of Alabama to write a scientific study of the relative intelligence of white and African-American school children and college students. The study, completed in September 1962 and released to the public in October of that year as The Biology of the Race Problem, created quite a furor, since George was paid $3,000 from Alabama state funds to produce it. When the commission was announced, the American Anthropological Association passed a resolution condemning it, saying that the Association "...repudiates statements ... that Negroes are biologically and in innate mental ability inferior to whites.." In November 1963, Science ran an article condemning The Biology of the Race Problem, and, in early 1964, the debate over the merits of the study continued in letters to the journal. In February 1963, George was threatened with a lawsuit over a quotation out of context that he used in The Biology of the Race Problem; George avoided the suit by ordering errata sheets for the first edition and removing the quotation in subsequent editions. The Biology of the Race Problem appears to have sold quite well on both sides of the Atlantic; there are many requests for the book from individuals and groups, and, on 18 September 1966, there is a letter from a French publisher who wanted to translate and publish it in France.

There are also items beginning in 1958 and continuing into 1967, relating to George's testimony on genetics and race in the Stell v. Savannah-Chatham County Board of Education school integration case (see series 1.3 for George's first contact with R. Carter Pittman, counsel for the white children involved in the Stell case). In 1963, there are materials documenting the judge's initial ruling that forbade segregation based on race and color.

George added several major correspondents during this period: Carleton S. Coon, curator of ethnology and professor of anthropology at the University Museum in Philadelphia and author of the racially slanted "The Story of Man" (1962); Carleton Putnam, founder of Chicago and Southern Airlines, Delta Airlines board of directors member, author of Race and Reason (1961), and publisher of The Putnam Letters, a series of texts on conservative topics; Henry E. Garrett, professor emeritus of psychology from Columbia University, president of the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics, Inc. (IAAEE), and one of the editors of The Mankind Quarterly; Clayton Rand of Mississippi, owner of the Dixie Press, editor of rural newsPapers, and self-styled "fighting editor of the Deep South," who issued a series of pamphlets called "The Wit and Wisdom of Clayton Rand"; and Archibald Roosevelt, who appears to have been involved in distributing "Race, Heredity, and Civilization" in the United States. There are also scattered letters from public figures like Jesse Helms, then with WRAL-TV in Raleigh, and George Wallace, who wrote on 4 November 1963 about his appearance on the "Today Show."

During this period, there continue to be letters and other items from individuals and organizations with extremist ideas on race relations (e.g., a letter, 12 June 1960, from a man in Florida who was convinced that teaching white children to use "criticism, sarcasm, and caustic ridicule" against African-American children would end African-American's desire for school integration; a letter, filed with undated 1961 materials, from a person concerned with the anatomical characteristics of "a true Negro virgin"; a letter, 5 November 1963, from a man in Oregon about establishing a "Caucasian Peoples' National Homeland").

Again, in this period, there is little relating to family and personal matters. George's work at UNC is reflected chiefly in letters of congratulation on the ceremonial hanging of his portrait in the Medical School in April 1959. There are no materials relating to his becoming professor emeritus in 1961.

The volume of letters drops off significantly after 1964. 1968 materials end in July; there are very few items dated 1969-1971. Undated materials (circa 25 items) consist chiefly of copies of letters written by George on various topics and newsletters from organizations like the Federation for Constitutional Government and the Citizens' Protective League. The Citizens' Protective League's newsletter contains particularly graphic drawings relating to race inferiority.

Chiefly short writings by George on various topics as categorized below. There are, however, some longer works, especially in the genetics category. The categories are quite broad, and there is considerable overlap among them. In some cases, there are several versions of the same basic text, since George often borrowed freely from himself as he wrote articles and speeches for different occasions and purposes. Several writings in this series were prepared by George on behalf of the Patriots of North Carolina; a few others were written for I. Beverly Lake's 1960 gubernatorial campaign. Some writings appear in both typed and printed formats, and many of the typed copies are heavily edited in George's hand. Most writings are undated. Some of George's letters to editors, especially those that are dated, are filed in chronological order in Series 1. Writing fragments are filed with the notes in Series 3.

Chiefly short writings on topics having to do with race, many dealing with attempts to establish a genetic proof of the inferiority of African-Americans, Jews, and others. Some writings are published works, especially from journals like Eugenics Quarterly, while others are typed copies of works that were probably never published. The authors of most writings are identified, but the great majority are undated. Many writings are by R. Carter Pittman; there are also several publications of the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics, Inc. (IAAEE), Henry E. Garrett of Columbia University, president. Writings have been grouped according to broad subjects, and there is much overlap among them.