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Size | 327.0 feet of linear shelf space (approximately 165,000 items) |
Abstract | Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (1929-1980) was a white political activist, lawyer, teacher, speaker, author, United States congressman from New York, United States representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission, and founder and leader of several organizations. The collection includes correspondence, organizational records, political campaign records, congressional files, writings, speeches, press clippings, research materials, scheduling files, financial and administrative records, diaries, scrapbooks, family papers, photographs, sound recordings, videocasette tapes, and other items documenting the life and career of Allard K. Lowenstein. Correspondence, 1940s-1970s, covers Lowenstein's service in World War II; years as a student activist at the University of North Carolina; work with the United States National Student Association, Democratic Party, Coalition for a Democratic Alternative, and other organizations; relations with Eleanor Roosevelt, Frank Porter Graham, Adlai Stevenson, William F. Buckley Jr., Aaron Henry, Eugene J. McCarthy, Norman C. Thomas, and Hubert H. Humphrey; interests in political and social affairs including civil rights, voter registration, and political reform in the United States and relations with other countries, especially Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and the Soviet Union; work at Stanford University; anti-Vietnam War activities; the Ditch Johnson campaign; his successful campaign for Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of New York; various unsuccessful political campaigns for United States House and Senate seats from New York; his investigation of the Robert F. Kennedy assassination; his United Nations work; his work on Edward M. Kennedy's 1980 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination; and other matters. Activity files, 1935-1980, document Lowenstein's various United Nations appointments during the Carter Administration; attempts to reopen the investigation of the Robert F. Kennedy assassination; involvement in Americans for Democratic Action; attendance at the University of North Carolina; African travels; and other activities relating to civil rights, international relations, and other topics. Political campaign materials, 1942-1980, relate to campaigns of Lowenstein and others, chiefly Democrats. United States Congress materials, 1969-1970, include personal and constituent correspondence, district files, House committee files, legislation, press files, and administrative files documenting Lowenstein's two-year congressional term. Writings include published and unpublished works by Lowenstein, 1943-1979, on a wide range of topics, and writings about Lowenstein, 1946-1985. Research files, 1940-1980, are on wide-ranging topics and were used by Lowenstein as background materials for writings, speeches, campaign appearances, and interviews. There are also materials relating to public appearances, 1944-1980; personal papers, 1924-1985, including biographical information, family papers, financial materials, diaries and scrapbooks, and other items; pictures, 1929-1980, mostly photographs of Lowenstein with family, friends, and associates; sound recordings, 1950-1982, including speeches by Lowenstein, congressional forums he conducted, interviews by or with Lowenstein, and other recordings; and videotapes and films, 1950-1980. Additions to the collection, 1983-2004, contain materials similar to those in the original deposit, but also include oral history interviews with Lowenstein and with friends and associates after his death; Dump Nixon campaign materials; and materials documenting activities of Lowenstein's assistant, Bancroft "Nick" Littlefield. |
Creator | Lowenstein, Allard K. |
Language | English |
The following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.
Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.
16 January 1929 | Born in Newark, N.J. |
1930 | Death of mother, Augusta Goldberg Lowenstein |
1934-1939 | Attended Ethical Culture School in Manhattan |
1939-1945 | Attended Horace Mann School for Boys in Riverdale, New York |
1945 | Began attending University of North Carolina (UNC), in Chapel Hill, N.C. |
1947 | Attended Encampment for Citizenship in New York |
1945-1949 | While at UNC, participated in student government and student organizations; met Frank Porter Graham, UNC president; served on student newspaper and orientation committee |
1949 | Received B.A. degree in history from UNC |
1949-1950 | Worked as legislative assistant for Senator Frank Graham in Washington, as well as in his reelection campaign |
1950-1951 | Served as third president of the United States National Student Association, which separated from International Union of Students during his presidency |
1951 | Began attending Yale Law School |
1952 | Served as national chair of Students for Stevenson; Attended National Democratic National Convention |
1951-1954 | While at Yale, participated in student counseling program and remained active in student political matters |
1954 | Received LL.B., degree from Yale |
1954-1956 | Served in United States Army, stationed primarily in Germany |
1956 | Worked with Young Democratic Clubs of America in Stevenson presidential campaign |
1956-1957 | Served as field secretary for Collegiate Council for the United Nations, speaking on campuses around the country; began close association with Eleanor Roosevelt; became active in Democratic reform politics in New York |
1957-1958 | Attended graduate school in history at UNC |
1958 | Traveled to Soviet Union with Eleanor Roosevelt |
1958-1959 | Worked as foreign policy assistant for Senator Hubert Humphrey |
1959-1960 | Remained active in opposition to apartheid in South Africa and South West Africa |
1960 | After considering congressional and New York State Senate races, chaired William Fitts Ryan's campaign for Congress in Manhattan, the first congressional victory for the Democratic reform movement; elected alternate delegate from New York to the Democratic National Convention |
1961-1962 | Appointed assistant dean and lecturer in political science at Stanford University; traveled to Spain in opposition to Franco regime |
1962 | Publication of Brutal Mandate: A Journey to South West Africa, based on his 1959 trip |
1962-1964 | Taught social science at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, where he was active in civil rights protest movement |
1963-1964 | Worked as legal advisor to civil rights movement in Mississippi; helped draft college students for 1963 Freedom Vote mock gubernatorial campaign of Aaron Henry, and for 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer project; attended 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, N.J. |
1965 | Served as chair of Citizens for Ryan for Mayor in New York City; directed New York Encampment for Citizenship; became active in teach-ins and early anti-war activities, such as formation of Americans for a Reappraisal of Far Eastern Policy; death of father, Gabriel Abraham Lowenstein |
1966 | Worked with Norman Thomas on Committee on Free Elections in the Dominican Republic; participated in reform congressional-selection procedure in Manhattan; married Jennifer Lyman of Boston, Massachusetts; became national board member for Southern Christian Leadership Conference, National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, Spanish Refugee Aid, and Americans for Democratic Action |
1967 | Traveled to South Vietnam as independent observer of elections there; taught at City College of New York; birth of first son, Frank Graham Lowenstein; death of stepmother, Florence Goldstein Lowenstein |
1966-1968 | Helped organize and lead national Dump Johnson campaign within the Democratic Party; helped to organize student letter-writing campaign, Conference of Concerned Democrats, dissenting Democratic groups nationwide, and New York Coalition for a Democratic Alternative; movement culminated with President Johnson's decision not to run for renomination |
1968 | Worked for presidential campaign of Senator Eugene McCarthy; helped organize Coalition for an Open Convention, and served as New York delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago; defeated Mason Hampton for seat in 91st Congress from 5th Congressional District, on Long Island |
1969 | Birth of second son, Thomas Kennedy Lowenstein |
1970 | Birth of daughter, Katharine Eleanor Lowenstein |
1969-1971 | Served in the United States House of Representatives; helped lead congressional opposition to the Vietnam War, and worked for House reforms and arms control; was defeated for reelection by Republican Norman Lent |
1971 | Elected national chair of Americans for Democratic Action; helped organize nationwide Dump Nixon youth voter registration campaign; taught at Yale and Stanford, and lectured widely throughout the 1970s |
1972 | Was nominated by Brooklyn Reform Democratic Caucus to challenge veteran congressman John Rooney in primary election for 14th Congressional District seat; overturned disputed Brooklyn primary in court, but failed to win official designation in court-ordered rerun; served as delegate from New York to the Democratic National Convention; was elected to Democratic National Committee; taught at City College of New York |
1973-1974 | Attacked Nixon Administration during Watergate controversy; taught at New School for Social Research in New York, and elsewhere; was defeated by incumbent Republican John Wydler in campaign for Congress from 5th Congressional District of New York |
1975 | Served as political consultant to newly-elected California Governor Jerry Brown |
1975-1976 | Supported national efforts for review of Robert Kennedy and John Kennedy assassinations |
1976 | Helped manage presidential campaign of Governor Brown; was defeated again by John Wydler in congressional campaign for 5th Congressional District seat |
1977 | Appointed by President Carter as United States Representative to United Nations Human Rights Commission; later appointed by Carter as Ambassador to the United Nations for Special Political Affairs, and United States Representative to the Trusteeship Council; separated from his wife and moved to Manhattan |
1978 | Resigned from United Nations ambassador post; was defeated by Carter Burden in Democratic primary for Manhattan's 18th Congressional District seat |
1979-1980 | Traveled several times to southern Africa, working with American and British governments for peaceful transition to majority rule in Zimbabwe; continued to lecture, and practiced law in New York |
1980 | Worked for presidential campaign of Senator Edward Kennedy; died on 14 March in New York, N.Y. |
The Allard K. Lowenstein papers have been arranged into ten series of records, with each series divided further into a number of subseries. Researchers should be sure to check the descriptions of additions received after May 1986 for materials pertinent to their research. These materials have been processed separately and have not been integrated into the original corpus of papers.
The Lowenstein papers were housed originally in more than six hundred cubic foot boxes. Some of the papers had undergone preliminary arrangement, such as United Nations records (Subseries 2.26), congressional papers (Series 4), and several of the campaign and research files (Series 3 and 6, respectively). The vast majority of these records, however, were in no apparent order. Materials within most of the boxes were disordered and were unrelated to one another. Several had been damaged by water, mold, and overall lack of care. For these reasons, the arrangement described above was imposed on the papers. Series of records that had already been arranged to some degree were kept in their original order and incorporated into the above series and subseries.
The records in each series of the Lowenstein papers are interrelated with those in other series. Documentation of Lowenstein's role in the anti-war movement, for example, can be found in every series of the collection. The series and subseries descriptions which follow clarify the various ways in which the contents of materials throughout the collection are interconnected.
Approximately 280 cubic feet of records have been removed from the original collection of Lowenstein's papers. A great majority of these were duplicate materials. Also discarded were materials that are widely available in research libraries, such as complete issues of the New York Times and other newspapers, Life and Look magazines, and United States government documents. Further, newspaper clippings that were unrelated to Lowenstein's activities were removed from the collection. All constituent case files were removed from Lowenstein's congressional papers. Several files of Gregory Stone, Lowenstein's administrative assistant, were removed (for those that were kept in the collection, see especially Subseries 6.2). Some materials were found to be more suitable for other libraries and archives. Finally, several boxes of Lowenstein's personal belongings have been removed from the original collection.
Approximately four cubic feet of records have been placed under restriction. Included among the restricted materials are letters of recommendation, resumes, security classified materials, records on the Robert F. Kennedy assassination study, and a few items which contain confidential or personal information on living individuals. For further information on restricted materials, the researcher should consult the following series and subseries descriptions.
Additions to these papers are described at the end of the inventory.
Back to TopMostly personal correspondence to and from Allard Lowenstein. This correspondence has been divided into two subseries, "General" and "Routine." The general correspondence in Subseries 1.1, which comprises roughly 70% of this series, includes substantive letters to and from Lowenstein. The routine correspondence included in Subseries 1.2 generally consists of greeting cards and brief notes to and from Lowenstein. The researcher should note, however, that people would sometimes write Lowenstein substantive and detailed messages on greeting cards. Therefore a researcher wishing to make a detailed inquiry into Lowenstein's correspondence for a particular period should look both at the general and routine correspondence for that period.
Each subseries in Series 1 is further divided into incoming and outgoing correspondence. All four categories of correspondence general correspondence to Lowenstein, general correspondence from Lowenstein to others, routine correspondence to Lowenstein, and routine correspondence from Lowenstein to others are arranged in chronological order by year, month, and day.
Series 1 consists largely of correspondence that was found loose among the papers, and that does not relate entirely to any subject which is the focus of one of the other series or subseries. Much additional correspondence is elsewhere in the papers. For instance, correspondence relating directly to a particular phase of Lowenstein's career can be found in Series 2. Large amounts of correspondence on the political campaigns in which Lowenstein was involved are located in Series 3.
Series 4, United States Congress, contains 20.5 cubic feet of Lowenstein's congressional correspondence. A significant portion of Lowenstein's congressional correspondence is of a personal nature and is located in Subseries 4.1 since it was originally filed with his congressional papers. As a result, Series 1 contains very little correspondence dating from January 1969 January 1971, the dates of Lowenstein's term in Congress. Correspondence relating to Lowenstein's writings can be found in Series 5. Correspondence requesting Lowenstein to speak is located in Subseries 7.2. Invitations and some correspondence inviting Lowenstein to social and political events is in Subseries 8.4. Finally, correspondence relating to Lowenstein's personal business and financial matters can be found in Subseries 9.3.
Most correspondence outside of Series 1 is the correspondence in Subseries 4.1 and 4.2 of the congressional papers; the campaign correspondence found throughout Series 3; the speaking engagements correspondence in Subseries 7.2; and the correspondence located in Subseries 2.26 (as with the congressional period, both personal and official), which contains Lowenstein's files while he was a representative of the Carter Administration to the United Nations Human Rights Commission.
Please note: In the published guide to the Lowenstein papers, The Allard K. Lowenstein Papers, 1924-1985, researchers will find an index to selected incoming correspondence found in the papers. The index is based largely on the incoming correspondence found in Subseries 1.1. However, the index will also assist researchers in locating the large amounts of correspondence located in other portions of the Lowenstein papers.
Arrangement: incoming then outgoing, arranged chronologically.
General correspondence to and from Allard Lowenstein. The majority of Subseries 1.1 consists of incoming correspondence. Outgoing correspondence comprises only one cubic foot. This description of the subseries is divided into separate sections for the incoming and outgoing correspondence. The description for incoming correspondence is broken down into decades.
Mostly personal correspondence from Allard Lowenstein's family and friends. Initial correspondence consists primarily of letters from school friends on vacation. Correspondence for the summers of 1943 and 1944, while Lowenstein was at camp, is mostly from family members. Correspondence subsequent to these summers is often from friends Lowenstein met at camp.
Also included in the correspondence between 1941 and 1945 are letters which discuss World War II, with references to difficulties faced by blacks in the Armed Forces. Additionally, Lowenstein's activities at the Horace Mann School for Boys are discussed in the correspondence for this period. After his graduation, Lowenstein maintained correspondence for several years with members of the Horace Mann faculty and staff.
During Lowenstein's years at UNC, 1945 1949, his parents were frequent correspondents. They provided Lowenstein with much advice and news of the family. Also included during this period are several letters from friends and acquaintances relating to Lowenstein's concern for racial equality and integration; his interest in student government activities and the orientation of new students; his opinions regarding Zionism and various national and local political campaigns; and his involvement in the Encampment for Citizenship and the United States National Student Association.
Lowenstein's activities and concerns as president of the United States National Student Association are discussed in the correspondence for 1950 and 1951; letters from NSA members and officials can also be found throughout the correspondence for the decade. Also included in the correspondence between 1950 and 1955 are letters concerning Lowenstein's work in the political campaigns of Frank Porter Graham in 1950 and Adlai Stevenson in 1952; Lowenstein's activities while at Yale Law School; his concerns regarding communism, McCarthyism, and academic freedom; his growing friendship with Eleanor Roosevelt; and his service in the United States Army. The incoming correspondence between 1953 and 1955 is unusually sparse, although there is much outgoing correspondence for this period (see folders 552 556).
Included in the correspondence between 1956 and 1959 are letters which discuss Lowenstein's discharge from the Army; his involvement with the Young Democrats in the 1956 presidential campaign; his travels in the United States on behalf of the Collegiate Council for the United Nations; and his appointment as an assistant to Senator Hubert H. Humphrey. The correspondence for 1958 and 1959 discusses Lowenstein's growing interest in South Africa and South West Africa (later Namibia), his first trip to South Africa, the preparations for a clandestine trip to South West Africa, and his subsequent testimony before the United Nations on behalf of the leaders of that territory.
Correspondence between 1960 and 1966 includes letters which discuss the writing and publication of Brutal Mandate; Lowenstein's continued interest in South Africa; his growing interest in anti Franco groups in Spain; his appointment and activities as a dean at Stanford University; his civil rights activities in North Carolina and Mississippi while an instructor at North Carolina State University; his concern about United States military participation in Vietnam; and his growing involvement in New York and national politics. The early sixties also mark the beginning of a great deal of correspondence from students, often expressing their opinions regarding national and international affairs and their admiration for Lowenstein; these letters are prevalent throughout the rest of the incoming general correspondence.
Correspondence for 1967 and 1968 includes letters which discuss nationwide anti Vietnam War sentiment and activities; Lowenstein's efforts to prevent President Johnson from being renominated by the Democratic Party; Lowenstein's activities on behalf of Eugene McCarthy's campaign for the presidency; and his own successful campaign for Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of New York. As mentioned above, correspondence for the period while Lowenstein served in Congress, 1969 1970, is sparse. The researcher should refer to Series 4 for the majority of correspondence documenting this period.
Correspondence for the last decade of Lowenstein's life includes letters relating to his various unsuccessful political campaigns for United States House and Senate seats from New York; the youth voter registration drive of 1971; his support for the 1972 McGovern presidential campaign; his investigation of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in the mid 1970s; his United Nations service and travels; and his aid to Edward M. Kennedy's 1980 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination. As with the congressional period, the correspondence for 1977 and 1978 is very sparse; the researcher should refer to Subseries 2.26 for additional correspondence for this period.
Correspondence from Lowenstein to family and friends regarding his various activities and travels (see description for incoming correspondence). Also included are letters which confirm speaking engagements, and acknowledgments for campaign contributions and assistance. There is a large amount of correspondence, carbon copies of typed letters from Lowenstein, for the years he served in the United States Army.
Box 16 |
1943-1968 #04340, Subseries: "1.1.5. Outgoing Correspondence, 1943-1980." Box 16 |
Box 17 |
1969-1980 #04340, Subseries: "1.1.5. Outgoing Correspondence, 1943-1980." Box 17 |
Arrangement: incoming then outgoing arranged chronologically.
Mostly greeting cards and circular letters to Lowenstein from family, friends, and acquaintances. While most of these items contain only signatures, many also contain substantive messages to Lowenstein. For subjects covered, see the preceding description for the incoming general correspondence. Folders 769-782 contain greeting cards and circular letters sent by Lowenstein to family and friends.
Arrangement: by activity or organization.
A wide array of records relating to the career of Allard Lowenstein. For separate discussions of the types and contents of records for each category, consult the subseries descriptions and container lists which follow.
The subseries in Series 2 are arranged in the rough order of Lowenstein's participation in the organization or activity. Occasionally, a subseries will overlap chronologically with subsequent subseries. For example, Subseries 2.3 relates to Lowenstein's attendance at the University of North Carolina both as an undergraduate in the late 1940s, and as a graduate student in 1957-1958.
Subseries 2.6, the largest in Series 2, pertains to Lowenstein's various United Nations appointments in the Carter Administration. The next largest group of records, Subseries 2.24, is a set of files relating to Lowenstein's attempts to reopen the investigation of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Following these two subseries in size are groups of records on Lowenstein's involvement in Americans for Democratic Action (2.22); his attendance at the University of North Carolina (2.3); his journey in the late 1950s to South West Africa (2.11); his participation in various other activities and organizations over the years (2.29); and his involvement in the United States National Student Association (2.6). Other subseries in Series 2 contains under one cubic foot.
The arrangement of records within each subseries is discussed in the individual subseries descriptions and container lists. For the most part the arrangement was imposed on these records, since they were often drawn together from various locations within the original collection. The most notable exception, however, is Subseries 2.26, the United Nations files, which were kept insofar as possible in their original order.
Additional documentation of Lowenstein's involvement in various activities and organizations over the course of his career is in Series 3, Political Campaigns, and Series 4, United States Congress.
There is correspondence in Series 1 that relates in part to the activities in Series 2.
Teachers' evaluations of Allard Lowenstein's school work from the second through the fifth grades; class reports; a set of essays hat Allard wrote on explorers; a school newsletter; and a certificate awarded upon his completion of the sixth grade.
School work; copies of Horace Mann publications, and materials on Lowenstein's editorship of The Horace Mann Record; alumni publications, and invitations to alumni affairs; and correspondence and other items that document Allard's experiences at the school.
The school work in Subseries 2.2 predates Lowenstein's attendance at the Horace Mann School, because several of these materials were passed on to Allard by his older brother Larry. Articles by Allard Lowenstein appeared in three of the publications in Subseries 2.2: The Horace Mann Quarterly; The Linguist; and The Horace Mann Record, the student newspaper for which he was editor-in-chief during the 1944-1945 academic year. A bound volume of the Record during Lowenstein's period as editor can be found in folder 24. Clipped items from the Record, including a series of columns by Lowenstein entitled "Manhattan Fanfare," are located in folders 28-29.
This subseries contains Lowenstein's school work both while he was an undergraduate and while he was in graduate school in history at UNC. Also included are correspondence, minutes, campaign literature, notes, and mimeographed materials that document his participation in student government and in other organizations at UNC; reports, minutes, lists, and other records portraying his involvement in the orientation of new students, first as an orientation counselor in 1947, and then as chair of the Orientation Committee in 1949; and university publications, programs and invitations to meetings, newspaper clippings, and other miscellaneous materials.
The school work, arranged alphabetically by subject, includes class notes and notebooks, course syllabi, essays, and examinations. Since Lowenstein's undergraduate major was history, materials on that subject predominate. The religion notes in folder 58 contain an essay Lowenstein wrote on Zionism. Several of the notebooks included with his school work contain, in addition to class notes, information on Lowenstein's involvement in student government at the University, including student government election statistics (see also folders 72-73).
The materials on student government document issues that concerned many students at UNC in the middle and late 1940s, especially the problem of race. Included among these records are campaign flyers and posters distributed by Lowenstein and other candidates for student government office at UNC.
Subseries 2.3 also documents Lowenstein's involvement in other organizations while he was a student at the University of North Carolina. He was a student representative to the North Carolina Student Legislative Assembly in 1946 and 1949, a founder of the National Conference of Students, and the student representative on the Executive Committee of the North Carolina World Peace Forum. Folder 87 contains a few materials on the possibility of UNC's affiliation with the United States National Student Association.
Lowenstein was also president of the Dialectic Literary Society in 1948-1949. A majority of the materials found in the Lowenstein papers documenting his participation in the Dialectic Society were official records of that organization, and have been transferred to the University Archives: Student Organizations and Activities: Dialectic Literary Society Records. These records, which included minutes, membership rosters, committee reports, resolutions, and correspondence, have been inserted into the Dialectic Literary Society Records for the period from 1945-1948, and are available to the researcher there.
Folder 106 contains a scrapbook of newspaper clippings from the Daily Tar Heel, the UNC student newspaper. Most of the clippings are by, although a few are about, Lowenstein while he was serving on the Editorial Board of the Daily Tar Heel. Included in this scrapbook are a series of columns written by Lowenstein under the title of "Esse Quam Videri."
Questionnaires, correspondence, lists, notes, minutes, newsletters, programs, and printed materials relating to Allard Lowenstein's participation as a camper in the Encampment for Citizenship of 1947, and as director of the New York Encampment in 1965. Lowenstein also served as a member of both the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee after his work as a director.
Included in the records of the 1965 New York Encampment, which comprise a majority of this subseries, are lists of "encampers," memoranda, and budget information in folder 125. Folders 128-129 contain extensive notes of staff members regarding arrangements made for speakers at the 1965 Encampment. The questionnaires in this subseries are often preceded by statistical tallies.
Folder 144 contains minutes of the Board and Executive Committee meetings in which Lowenstein participated or was mentioned. Other minutes and Encampment records that were mailed to Lowenstein, but did not mention him, were removed from the collection. Correspondence and programs relating to a tribute to Lucile Kohn, who was an active member of the Encampment Board and a close friend of Lowenstein, are located in folder 145. Two other Encampment sponsored events in which Lowenstein was involved one of which was a 1969 tribute to him are documented in folder 146. Several invitations to meetings and other Encampment affairs can be found in folder 147; and folders 149-150 contain Encampment alumni materials that mention or shed light on Lowenstein's subsequent involvement in the Encampment for Citizenship.
Correspondence, speeches, reports, press releases, campaign literature, memoranda, notes, and lists relating to Allard Lowenstein's work as a legislative assistant to North Carolina Senator Frank Porter Graham. This subseries also includes documentation on the 1950 Senate campaign, in which Willis Smith defeated Graham in the second Democratic primary.
The correspondence in this subseries includes letters to the Graham Senate office from constituents, North Carolina politicians, and business and civic leaders from the state. Subjects addressed in the correspondence which consists of letters to both Graham and Lowenstein include constituent matters, legislation, and the Senate campaign. Outgoing letters in response can be found from both Graham and Lowenstein. Often Lowenstein would draft Graham's responses to constituent letters.
The majority of the Graham statements in folders 155-158 is final drafts, and includes carbon and mimeographed copies. There are also drafts of statements with handwritten revisions by Lowenstein. The statements detail positions Graham took while in the Senate and during the campaign on issues of national importance such as communism, race, and the Korean conflict. A few statements of other congressmen on Graham can be found in folder 159.
Folders 165-171 consist entirely of records on the 1950 Senate campaign, although other materials relating to the campaign are located elsewhere in this subseries. "The Case for Frank Graham" was a series of four essays revised, and probably drafted, by Allard Lowenstein. The records in folders 170-171 were housed in a scrapbook compiled by Lowenstein. Included among these records are campaign posters, fliers, circular letters, and press reprints of Graham and Willis Smith. Especially prominent in these records are the charges and counter charges regarding Graham's liberal stance on the issue of race.
Correspondence, minutes, reports, memoranda, speeches, notes, and printed materials relating to the United States National Student Association. Approximately half the records in Subseries 2.6 pertains to the period 1950-1951, during which Allard Lowenstein served as president of the organization. The rest of the records in this subseries date from after Lowenstein's presidency. Some of the subjects documented in these NSA records are anti-communism, academic freedom, race, and the NSA's affiliation with international student organizations.
The correspondence in this subseries is mostly official correspondence to and from Lowenstein while he was president of NSA. Included among the other presidential records is a notebook of official NSA material - circular letters, reports, and newsletters - distributed while Lowenstein was president (folder 178). Folders 185-191 contain information on several conferences in which Lowenstein participated while he was president of NSA.
One of the most significant of these conferences was the initial meeting of the International Student Conference, held in Stockholm in December 1950. Hosted by three Scandinavian countries and attended by delegates from 21 nations, the International Student Conference was a gathering of students who had become disgruntled with the direction taken by the more left wing International Union of Students. The NSA was among the national student organizations represented at Stockholm which opposed the direction in which the IUS was heading. The documentation in folders 186-189, which includes a pamphlet containing the text of a speech made by Lowenstein at the Stockholm conference, is significant because it indicates the NSA's outlook on international affairs and opposition to communism at a critical point in the organization's early history.
The records that date from after Lowenstein's presidency of the NSA, arranged chronologically, include agenda, minutes, reports, press releases, and notes pertaining mostly to the annual National Student Congresses of the NSA. Lowenstein continued to attend these congresses, gave speeches, and worked with students on issues that concerned them.
The post presidential records also contain information on several of the controversies surrounding the NSA. The 1953 records, for example, document attacks on the NSA made by Students for America, which charged the NSA with being "leftist dominated." Also documented are attacks on the NSA from more radical student organizations, especially after the disclosure in 1967 of a connection between the NSA and the Central Intelligence Agency. Most of the 1967 records, in fact, relate to allegations of CIA funding of NSA programs, and Lowenstein's denial of any such connection while he was president of the organization. For the draft of a 1967 statement by Lowenstein regarding the NSA CIA connection, see Subseries 5.1, Writings by Lowenstein.
School work, grade reports, questionnaires, correspondence, programs, and legal briefs pertaining to Allard Lowenstein's years as a law student at Yale University. The school work notebooks, assignments, case books, and essays is arranged chronologically in the order of the courses Lowenstein took in law school, with miscellaneous undated items following those that have been dated. The notebooks consist largely of class notes, but also contain other kinds of entries, including vote totals for the 1952 presidential campaign (see also 3.1, Students for Stevenson). Folder 219 contains a legal brief Lowenstein wrote for Yale's Moot Court competition on a case involving racial discrimination in education.
Lowenstein was a resident counselor in the 1953 academic year for the orientation program at Yale, which was called "The Freshman Year." In addition to memoranda, reports, lists, and notes regarding the program, there are multiple copies of two questionnaires distributed to Yale freshmen which reveal much about student attitudes on sexual relations and on communism.
There are a few items relating to Lowenstein's work as a community counselor for the Yale Summer High School program in 1965. Records documenting the teaching position Lowenstein held at Yale University in 1971 are in Subseries 2.21.
Memoranda, special orders, course notes, correspondence, and a variety of official documents relating to Lowenstein's two years in the United States Army. Folder 237 contains a volume on Lowenstein's regiment at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, where he was in basic training. Class notes, tests, and forms pertaining to a course he took at Fort Jackson are located in folders 238-240. The miscellaneous records include travel papers, leave of absence and personnel forms, incident reports, and financial records tracing many of Lowenstein's activities in the Army, especially while he was stationed in Germany.
Reports, newsletters, correspondence, itineraries, memoranda, and other working papers of the American Association of the United Nations, and a subsidiary organization, the Collegiate Council for the United Nations. Allard Lowenstein served in 1956-1957 as the field secretary for the CCUN. Much of the correspondence and all the itineraries pertain to Lowenstein's travel to college campuses around the country to speak on behalf of the CCUN. Lowenstein's annual report as field secretary, which includes appendices and interim field trip reports, is located in folder 245. Several of the records in this subseries date from after the period of Lowenstein's involvement in the CCUN.
Correspondence, memoranda, and speeches that relate to Allard Lowenstein's work as a foreign policy assistant to Senator Hubert H. Humphrey. The correspondence consists of letters to and from Lowenstein and Humphrey; there are several letters signed by Humphrey that were written or revised by Lowenstein. The memoranda are mostly compilations of information by Lowenstein and other Humphrey legislative assistants on American foreign policy in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, and on domestic issues. The five speeches in this subseries are mostly drafts written by Lowenstein for delivery by Humphrey; they include a draft by Lowenstein of a speech on Africa.
United Nations documents, correspondence, press statements, and conference proceedings and reports that document Allard Lowenstein's 1959 trip to South West Africa to investigate conditions there. Lowenstein was accompanied on the trip by Emory Bundy and Sherman Bull, and the three men returned to testify before the United Nations Fourth Committee studying conditions in South West Africa. Lowenstein wrote of their experiences in South West Africa in Brutal Mandate: A Journey to South West Africa, a book published in 1962.
The bulk of the records in Subseries 2.11 are United Nations documents on South West Africa, which are arranged in chronological order: statements, testimony, press releases, reports, resolutions, and official printed records of Fourth Committee sessions. Although the testimony of Lowenstein, Bundy and Bull appears only in the September-October 1959 records of the UN, all UN documents were kept together in Subseries 2.11 to provide the researcher some context on the problems they investigated in South West Africa. Records regarding two student conferences Lowenstein attended in South West Africa can be found in folders 268-269; two programs in which Lowenstein reported their findings shortly after the trip are located in folders 270-271. See Series 10, Subseries 2 for sound recordings of Lowenstein, Bundy and Bull's UN testimony as well as testimony of Africans recorded by Lowenstein.
Several other records relating to Lowenstein's work and interest in Africa are elsewhere in the collection. Research materials on Africa, many of which Lowenstein probably collected in connection with the 1959 trip, are in Series 6, Research Files. Subseries 6.1 also includes the files of Ethel Grossman, Lowenstein's secretary with whom he worked very closely on Brutal Mandate, civil rights, and his congressional campaigns in the 1960s. The researcher interested in Lowenstein's involvement in African affairs should also consult the files in Subseries 5.1 on Brutal Mandate, and the speeches in Subseries 7.3 for the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Correspondence, university publications, memoranda and reports, and teaching materials relating to Lowenstein's year at Sanford University, during which he was a faculty member in the Political Science Department, and served as assistant dean of men and as director of Stern Hall, a residence hall for male students. These files documents such topics as Lowenstein's handling of student problems; tensions which emerged between students and the University's administration; controversies regarding fraternities on campus; faculty and staff matters; and housing problems at Stern Hall.
Lowenstein taught courses on Africa and on international law, and the teaching materials in folders 318-320 include course syllabi, reading lists, examinations, lists of student and seating charts, and some of Lowenstein's teaching notes. The university publications include student and faculty newsletters, freshman handbooks, Stern Hall handbooks, and a student directory.
Teaching materials, departmental reports and memoranda, correspondence, questionnaires, and records relating to Lowenstein's interest in civil rights in the Raleigh area while he was a faculty member in the Social Science Department at North Carolina State University.
While he was at N.C. State, Lowenstein was controversial because of his participation in efforts to desegregate public facilities in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, and because of his involvement in the civil rights movement in Mississippi. Folder 348 includes documentation on a Raleigh civil rights organization in which Lowenstein was involved. Included among the miscellaneous records in folder 351 is an item that reveals plans for Lowenstein and Jesse Helms to write opposing articles for a Christian journal during the 1964 political campaign.
Press releases, reports, correspondence, memoranda, lists of names, and mimeographed materials documenting Lowenstein's participation in the civil rights movement in Mississippi. Over half the records in Subseries 2.14 relate to the organization of the November 1963 mock election vote for Aaron Henry, a black Clarksdale pharmacist whose campaign for governor of Mississippi inspired many blacks across the state to register to vote. Lowenstein was on Henry's "advisory committee," and recruited college students - especially from Stanford and Yale - to come to Mississippi in order to aid with black voter registration.
There are also several records on the Mississippi Summer Project of 1964, a joint effort by a number of civil rights organizations to continue registering blacks, and to open freedom schools and community centers across the state. A number of northern and western student volunteers participated in this project as well, although in this subseries there is less information on recruitment of students for this latter project than for the Freedom Vote campaign. There are also a few items relating to the challenge by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to unseat the regular, all-white Mississippi delegation at the Democratic National Convention in August 1964 (see also Subseries 3.15).
Further information on the civil rights movement can be found in the "Civil rights" files in Subseries 6.1.
Circular letters, reports, press releases, correspondence, and publications distributed by Americans for a Reappraisal of Far Eastern Policy, an organization founded at the 18th National Congress of the United States National Student Association in 1965. Lowenstein was among the adult founders of the organization, whose purpose was to redefine American foreign policy objectives in the Far East, and especially to encourage both a cease fire in Vietnam and American diplomatic recognition of mainland China. Aside from Lowenstein, others involved in the organization were the Reverent William Sloane Coffin, Jr., Michael Harrington, and Norman Thomas.
Reports, circular letters, memoranda, press reports, and testimony relating to the Committee on Free Elections in the Dominican Republic, whose purpose was to ensure that the elections there in June 1966 would be democratic. Lowenstein, a member of the Committee, traveled to the Dominican Republic to monitor the elections as an independent observer in the late Spring of 1966. He also collected testimony from people who were involved in Dominican political affairs (folder 393). Norman Thomas was spokesman for the Committee, and others documented in this subseries who were active in the organization include Bayard Rustin and Fred Goff, a former student of Lowenstein at Stanford.
Memoranda, correspondence, circular letters, minutes, reports, and leaflets and flyers that chronicle Allard Lowenstein's participation in the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE). Lowenstein first became involved in SANE activities during the organization's 1960 Campaign for Disarmament, the purpose of which was to propose arms control and promote improved Soviet-American relations. In 1966, Lowenstein was elected to SANE's National Board of Directors, and served on the Board until approximately 1976. Folders 400-403 include Board minutes, agenda, statements, directories, and other mailings relating to support for the "Dump Johnson" movement in which Lowenstein was active, as well as a couple of items on the organization's presentation of the 1971 Eleanor Roosevelt Peace Award to Lowenstein.
Approximately half a cubic foot of materials, which Lowenstein collected, but which are unrelated to his involvement in SANE, have been transferred to the SANE archives at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
Reports, annual meeting agendas and brochures, correspondence, circular letters, memoranda, and other materials relating to Lowenstein's service on the Board of Directors of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Lowenstein, who was the first white member appointed to the SCLC Board, participated in a few of the SCLC's annual meetings, and made donations to the organization. These are the two primary aspects of his participation documented in Subseries 2.18. Although this subseries contains records dating up to the time of Lowenstein's death in 1980, his involvement in SCLC activities apparently subsided in the early-mid 1970s.
About one cubic foot of materials collected by Lowenstein has been transferred to the archives of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, Georgia. These include records of the SCLC, as well as civil rights records of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Congress of Racial Equality, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Records transferred also include many relating to the King Center itself. (For further information on Lowenstein's membership on the King Center's Board of Trustees, the researcher should consult Subseries 2.29.)
Reports, press releases, newsletters, campaign literature, financial records, and handwritten notes documenting Lowenstein's trip to South Vietnam as an independent observer of the elections held there in early September of 1967. President Johnson had appointed a commission to observe the Vietnamese elections, but Lowenstein was not included in this commission. A manifesto including handwritten revisions by Lowenstein can be found in folder 421; although the purpose for its having been drafted is unclear, it reflects the views of those opposed to the Johnson Administration's insistence that the elections were fair and democratic.
The bulk of the records in this subseries are background research materials Lowenstein received on the Vietnamese elections, and on the progress of the war during this period.
Correspondence, departmental memoranda and circular letters, course syllabi, and class lists relating to Lowenstein's appointment to teach one course each semester at the City College of New York during the 1967-1968 academic year.
Course syllabi, faculty memoranda and circular letters, correspondence, class lists, and course evaluations that document several of the teaching positions Lowenstein held following his term in the House of Representatives. About half the records in this subseries pertain to a course Lowenstein taught, immediately after losing his bid for reelection, at Yale University on the "Urban Congressman and Social Policy." Approximately one cubic foot of records - some duplicates, but mostly students' seminar papers that were graded for Lowenstein by teaching assistants - have been discarded.
Correspondence, memoranda, minutes, publications, and other records relating to Allard Lowenstein's work on behalf of Americans for Democratic Action. Lowenstein first became involved in the organization--especially the student group called Students for Democratic Action--at the time of its formation in 1947. The bulk of the records in Subseries 2.22, however, date from 1966, when Lowenstein became a vice-chair and a member of ADA's National Board. Much of this subseries deals with Lowenstein's term as national chair for ADA from 1971-1973.
Subseries 2.22 contains a large number of administrative records such as memoranda, personnel lists, financial records, and meeting minutes of the ADA National Board, National Executive Committee, and annual conventions. There are also records pertaining to organizations affiliated with ADA, especially the New York chapter of ADA. The records for both the national organization and the New York chapter include several publications that document the shifts in ADA's policy priorities from the late 1960s through the early 1970s. Prominent among the topics covered in this subseries during Lowenstein's tenure as vice chair, Board member, and national chair are Vietnam, the "Dump Johnson" movement, civil rights, economic policy, Democratic Party reform, the registration of young voters , the McGovern presidential campaign of 1972, and the Middle East.
Lists, correspondence, memoranda, minutes, and newsletters relating to Lowenstein's tenure on the Democratic National Committee. Over half the records in the subseries pertain to an allied organization, the New Democratic Coalition. Other documentation on Democratic Party politics is located in Series 3 and Series 6. In fact, most of the substantive mailings Lowenstein received from the Democratic National Committee can be found under the "Democratic Party" heading in Subseries 6.2.
RESTRICTED: bout 1,500 items in this subseries have been placed under restriction, including several drafts and notes on the book that was never published. Researchers may use this material with the permission of the donor.
Drafts and final copies of writings, reports, memoranda, correspondence, press clippings, affidavits and other legal records, and notes that pertain to the involvement of Allard Lowenstein and others in the effort to reopen the investigation into the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. The primary impetus to reopen this investigation came in the mid 1970s, approximately seven years after Kennedy's death.
Lowenstein became involved in the investigation to the extent that he both wrote a great deal on the assassination and presented his views before the press. Subseries 2.24 contains drafts, chapter outlines, and other records relating to a book Lowenstein was planning and writing on the Kennedy assassination, but which was never published. Documentation on several other articles Lowenstein wrote during this period which were published can be found in Subseries 5.1, Writings by Lowenstein. This subseries contains, in addition to records on the Robert Kennedy assassination, several files on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
The files that constitute this subseries were largely reconstructed from files created on the Kennedy assassination investigation by Gregory Stone, Lowenstein's administrative assistant. The researcher will find that Stone's influence permeates the structure and content of these files, as is the case with the political campaign files for the 1970s (Series 3) and the research files for the 1970s (Series 6).
Memoranda, office lists, correspondence and reports on Lowenstein's involvement during the Summer of 1975 in the activities of recently elected California Governor Jerry Brown.
For a brief time, Lowenstein acted as a political and legislative consultant to Brown's office on such matters as the structure of state government, the organization of an intern program at the office, and the possibility of a presidential bid by Brown in 1976 (see also Subseries 3.15).
Arrangement: original order of files, by topic.
Correspondence; memoranda and reports; official United Nations and United States Government documents such as press releases, telegrams, reports, and memoranda; telephone messages and rough notes; and foreign press clippings on Lowenstein while he served as an American representative to the United Nations during the Carter Administration.
President Carter first named Lowenstein the United States Representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva in February 1977. In August 1977, Lowenstein was appointed Ambassador to the United Nations for Special Political Affairs and United States Representative to the United Nations Trusteeship Council. The files in Subseries 2.26, which have been kept insofar as possible in their original order, relate to both of Lowenstein's United Nations appointments.
A set of personal files (folders 770-852) includes much of the personal correspondence Lowenstein received in 1977-1978. It is for this reason that a gap exists in the Series 1 correspondence for these two years. Other types of correspondence - such as congratulatory mail, thank-you letters, and letters requesting Lowenstein to speak - can also be found in the United Nations personal files. In fact, speaking and other scheduling files comprise roughly half of the personal files.
Administrative files (folders 853-887) include information relating to Lowenstein's official United Nations duties. The series of files on Lowenstein's official United Nations trips (folders 888-897) include information on the arrangements and results of these trips. Further, these files contain foreign press clippings on Lowenstein's travels for the United Nations (these were photocopied and interfiled in Subseries 5.2). The next two brief sets of files--those on Conferences (folders 898-907) and Cables (folders 908-910)--relate chiefly to Lowenstein's appointment to the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva.
The next set of United Nations files, simply labeled "People" (folders 911-983), contains mostly correspondence and primarily involves individuals who brought their cases regarding human rights violations before the United Nations. Also included are friends and acquaintances of Lowenstein. The next few sets of files contain chiefly printed materials and some correspondence relating to several different types of human rights and other organizations.
Folders 1099-1171, Countries, include correspondence, printed materials, and United Nations and United States Government documents on human rights in specific countries. The largest amounts of material can be found on Micronesia, Guam, South Africa, Northern Ireland, and the Soviet Union.
Another short set of files (folders 1172-1182) contains further information on press coverage of Lowenstein and of the United Nations' emphasis on human rights problems. Folders 1183-1227 contain printed materials, correspondence, and other records pertaining to various issues of concern to Lowenstein and to the United Nations during this period.
The United Nations files in Subseries 2.26 originally contained several security-classified documents, many from the United States Department of State. These documents were sent to the National Archives in Washington, D.C., where they either remained as classified or were declassified and returned to the collection. Classified materials were declassified and returned to the collection in 2017 and are now filed in Subseries 2.26A United Nations Appointments: Declassified Documents (Addition of January 2018).
Box 41 |
Personal files #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 41Correspondence, incoming, A-Z Correspondence, outgoing Congratulatory Congratulatory, congressional Congratulatory, state congressional Public opinions on human rights Requests Thanks Thanks for speaking Human Rights Commission appointment Ambassador appointment Resignation Articles and statements by Lowenstein (see also 5.1 and 7.3) |
Box 42 |
Personal files #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 42Personal files: Telephone messages (see also 8.3) Personal files: Miscellaneous messages and notes Personal files: Daily schedules Personal files: Scheduling, speaking requests, April 1977-June 1978 Personal files: Scheduling, invitations, February 1977-April 1978 |
Box 43 |
Personal files #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 43Scheduling, invitations, May-June 1978 Politics, New York Politics, Nassau County Who's Who California papers |
Administrative files #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 43Campaign contributions Personnel United Nations receptions, 16 June 1977-25 May 1978 Reception lists Lunches and dinners Office lists Parking Travel Memoranda United Nations documents United Nations We Believe, "U.S. Mission to the U.N. Report" Flynn, administrative aide |
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Box 44 |
Administrative files #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 44High Commissioner for Human Rights Host country relations Human Rights Working Group New York Commission for the United Nations Public opinion polls |
Trips #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 44United States Information Agency Trip #1, Europe, March 1977 United States Information Agency Trip #2, South America, August 1977 United States Information Agency Trip #3, South America, October 1977 United States Information Agency Trip #4, Europe, February 1978 United States Information Agency Trip #5, South Africa and Nairobi, April 1978 |
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Conferences #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 44Barbados Friedmann panel, Lowenstein statement Geneva, 33rd Human Rights Commission Geneva, 33rd Human Rights Commission, Lowenstein testimony Geneva, 33rd Human Rights Commission, Decade resolutions Geneva, 33rd Human Rights Commission, 1503 question Lagos |
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Cables: Geneva, 33rd Human Rights Commission #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 44 |
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Cables: Human Rights Division restructuring #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 44 |
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Cables: Micronesia (see also folders 1129-1140) #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 44 |
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People #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 44Agapov, Valentin Baiman, Jerome Bakke, Allan Barzaghi, Jacques Bayh, Birch Bellamy, Carol Berger, Peter Berkand, Necdet Berkowitz, William Bingham, Alfred M. Byrne, Ed Carter, Jimmy Clark, Blair Corbin, Cathy Derwinski, Edward J. Devenish, Ron Dmitrowsky, Igor Dodge, Lynn Dubey, William B. Edelman, Marian Wright Etzioni, Amitai Fensterwald, Bernard Furth, Fred Garbus, Martin Gaston, Gloria Goldman, Ralph M. Green, George Kimball, Carol Kinene, Allen King, Coretta Scott Kligfeld, Bernard Komisar, Lucy |
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Box 45 |
People #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 45Leslie, Barbara M. Levine, Jill Manaster, Kenneth Matthews, Gilbert E. Miscellaneous cases Nureyev, Rudolph Nylander, John E. Reed, Watford Rees, John Rubin, Gail Rustin, Bayard Sacco and Vanzetti Salvucci, Paula Schreiber, Philippe Sharp, Eliot Shcharansky, Anatoly Sheldon, Walter A. Stark, Susie Stypulkowski, Zbigniew Tenzer, Herbert Thacker, Philip Tyacke, Eric Tyson, Brady Van Boven, Theo C. Viorst, Milton Yelistratov, Batsheva Young, Andrew Zinman, Seth D. Congress, Lindy Boggs Congress, John Brademas Congress, John L. Burton Congress, Elizabeth Holtzman Congress, Richard Kelly Congress, John McCormack Congress, Teno Roncalio Congress, Irving J. Stolberg Congress, Samuel S. Stratton Congress, Doug Walgren Congress, Ted Weiss Recommendations |
Organizations #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 45General file Afro-American Institute American Friends of the Anne Frank Center American Palestinian Committee Amnesty International Anti-Defamation League Arab-American Friendship Group Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies Association for World Education Bureau of International Organization Affairs Cal-Neva C.A.A. Campaign for United Nations Reform Canal Zone Non Profit Public Information Corp. Center for Global Perspectives Citizens for Participation in Political Action Coalition for International Cooperation and Peace Committee for Public Justice Commodity Credit Corporation Eleanor Roosevelt's Val-Kill Encampment for Citizenship Episcopal Churchmen for South Africa Fayette and the Medgar Evers Fund Federal Elections Commission Foreign Service Institute Forest Lake Camp Foundation for the Establishment of an International Criminal Court Gay rights movement George Meany Center for Labor Studies Hastings Center Help and Action Coordination Committee Institute for Democratic Socialism Institute of International Law and Economic Development Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility International Confederation of Free Trade Unions International Federation of Woman Lawyers International Freedom to Publish Committee International Institute for Labour Studies International Labor Organization International League for Human Rights International Monetary Fund International Youth and Student Movement John F. Kennedy Library Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law Lawyers' Committee for International Human Rights League for Industrial Democracy Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Social Change NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund National Student Association National Women's Conference New Directions Non-Governmental Organizations Nucleus Club |
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Box 46 |
Organizations #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 46OXFAM America P.E.N. American Center Public Education Association Quaker Office at the United Nations Red Cross Society for Ethical Culture in the City of New York Southern Christian Leadership Conference Spanish Refugee Aid Stop the B-1 Bomber Unitar Unitarian Universalist United Nations Office United Farm Workers United Nations Association United States Committee for Refugees United States Information Agency World Council of Churches World Conference on Religion and Peace World Peace Through Law Youth Caucus |
Jewish Organizations #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 46General file American-Israel Friendship League American Jewish Committee American Jewish Congress American Zionist Federation Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations Greater New York Conference on Soviet Jewry International League for the Repatriation of Russian Jews Long Island Committee for Soviet Jewry Operation Recognition Women's League for Conservative Judaism World Jewish Congress |
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Media Organizations #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 46"Diplomatic World Bulletin" "Goldschmidt Newsletter" International Platform Association "Journal of World Education" New West The Alternative: An American Spectator |
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Political Organizations #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 46Americans for Democratic Action Democratic Manhattan Committee Democratic National Committee Do-Something Program Former Members of Congress Long Island politics Nassau County Conservative Party New York State politics Women's National Committee Club |
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Universities and Organizations #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 46Amherst College University of California Dartmouth College Graduate School and University Center, CUNY Harvard University Institut International des Droits de L'Homme International Institute for Strategic Studies International Youth and Student Movement Horace Mann School University of Michigan Michigan State University University of Notre Dame University of Santa Clara Stanford University |
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Countries #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 46Argentina Australia Bolivia Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Cyprus Czechoslovakia Eastern Europe El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Greece Guam Guinea |
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Box 47 |
Countries #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 47Haiti India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kenya Korea Micronesia Namibia Nicaragua Northern Ireland Panama Paraguay Peru Poland Portugal Puerto Rico |
Box 48 |
Countries #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 48Rhodesia (see also 2.27) Romania Senegal South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Taiwan Turkey Uganda Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Soviet Jewry Uruguay Venezuela Vietnam Virgin Islands |
Media #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 48"Firing Line" "Good Morning America" Lowenstein Press conferences Press releases United Nations articles United Nations press releases United Nations telegrams White House press releases |
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Issues #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 48Arms control Boat people Capitalism Cargo preference Civil rights Decolonization Defense Drugs (see also 2.29, National Committee to Declare War on Drugs) Economics Education Employment Energy Environment |
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Box 49 |
Issues #04340, Subseries: "2.26. United Nations Appointments, 1977-1978." Box 49Food Foreign aid Freedom of information Genocide Health Helsinki agreement Human rights Kennedy assassinations (see also 2.24) Labor Law of the seas Mental health reform Middle East Palestinian rights Racism and discrimination Terrorism Torture Unemployment United Nations Women's rights Youth Zionism and racism |
Acc. 103305
Telegrams, reports, and memoranda from the U.S. government and United Nations, 1977-1978. Primary subjects are Micronesia, South Africa, and human rights negotiations for various countries. Content corresponds with materials in subseries 2.26.
Box
218
Folder 8092-8094 Folder 8092Folder 8093Folder 8094 |
Declassified documents, 1977-1978 #04340, Subseries: "2.26A. United Nations Appointments: Declassified Documents, 1977-1978 (Addition of January 2018)." Box 218, Folder 8092-8094 |
RESTRICTED: Handwritten drafts, and mimeographed and carbon copies of Lowenstein's memoranda regarding negotiations having to do with transition to black majority rule (in folder 1234) have been restricted, as have been a few notes on people (in folder 1237). As with previous subseries on Lowenstein's United Nations appointments, a few security-classified Department of State telegrams (from folder 1231) have been sent to the National Archives for declassification or restriction.
Correspondence, itineraries and travel arrangements, official Rhodesian government election observer materials, United States Government telegrams, and miscellaneous notes and lists relating to Lowenstein's role in negotiating the transition to black majority rule in Zimbabwe Rhodesia.
Correspondence, memoranda, and miscellaneous records relating to the two law firms with which Lowenstein was associated during the last year of his life.
Memoranda, reports, minutes, flyers, programs, newsletters, and correspondence regarding Allard Lowenstein's involvement in activities or organizations other than the most prevalent ones documented in the other subseries of Series 2. The researcher will note that, as with the other subseries in this series, the categories in Subseries 2.29 reflect Lowenstein's interest over time in such areas as civil rights, African affairs, Spanish affairs, the anti-war movement, youth activism, Jewish affairs, the impeachment of President Nixon, Democratic Party politics, and issues involving the New York metropolitan area.
Arrangement: chronological by campaign.
Campaign literature, correspondence, contact lists and contribution lists, memoranda, position papers, press releases, research materials, maps, statistics, and legal and financial records on the several political campaigns in which Lowenstein was involved. The subseries in this series are defined by local, state, or national political campaign, and are arranged chronologically. Subseries 3.15 contains documentation on campaigns other than the major ones in which Lowenstein was involved.
Approximately one third of Series 3 consists of records relating to Lowenstein's unsuccessful 1972 congressional campaign in Brooklyn (Subseries 3.10). The next largest group of records, Subseries 3.6, documents the "Dump Johnson" movement. For Lowenstein's congressional campaigns in the 1970s, the nature and scope of the materials are similar. The researcher should consult the description of Subseries 3.7 below for further information on the nature and arrangement of Lowenstein's congressional campaign materials.
Additional documentation on the political campaigns in which Lowenstein participated is located elsewhere in the collection. The pre-congressional research files in Subseries 6.1 contain extensive information on the New York Democratic reform movement (see also Subseries 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5). Subseries 6.2, post-congressional research files, contains campaign-related files on Lowenstein's various opponents, including Norman Lent (Subseries 3.8), John Rooney (3.10), Jacob Javits (3.11), John Wydler (3.12 and 3.13), and Carter Burden (3.14). Scheduling materials related to the campaigns are available in Series 8. Campaign buttons are located in Subseries 9.5.
Other pertinent materials on the political campaigns in which Lowenstein was involved are located in Series 5 (writings and press clippings), Series 7 (speeches and interviews), and Series 10 (photographs and audio tapes).
Correspondence, name lists, campaign literature and press releases, and questionnaires that document the 1952 presidential campaign of Adlai E. Stevenson. Fully half the records in this subseries are the correspondence sent to Allard Lowenstein, who was chair of a campaign organization called Students for Stevenson, and to other people in this campaign office. Much of this correspondence includes lists of suggested names of people on college campuses across the country who were supporters of Stevenson. There are carbon copies of outgoing letters of the Students for Stevenson office, as well as circular letters sent out by Lowenstein as chair of the organization. Fuller lists of the college students contracted by the office can be found in folders 16-21.
Correspondence, campaign literature, other printed materials, and mimeographed press releases, reports, and memoranda relating to Adlai Stevenson's 1956 presidential campaign. This subseries includes campaign records of the Young Democratic Clubs of America, the organization for which Lowenstein worked during the campaign; the Stevenson, Kefauver, and Eisenhower national campaign organizations; and the Democratic National Committee. As is the case with the 1952 Stevenson campaign files, many of these records reflect Lowenstein's involvement in campaign issues, his interest in voting statistics, and his political contacts on college campuses across the country.
Campaign literature, circular letters, memoranda, press releases, and a variety of other materials pertaining to Lowenstein's participation in various New York political campaigns in 1960. While he was still a foreign policy assistant to Hubert Humphrey, Lowenstein began to consider running for office in New York under the aegis of the Reform Democrats.
Lowenstein first considered running for the United States Congress against incumbent Ludwig Teller in the 20th District of New York. After deciding against entering that race, Lowenstein made an unsuccessful attempt in the Democratic primary to gain the seat held by John H. Farrell in the 25th Senatorial District of the New York State Senate. Later in 1960, Lowenstein served as campaign chair of the successful challenge to Teller by William Fitts Ryan, another of the New York Democratic party's reform candidates.
In 1960, Lowenstein was elected as an alternate delegate from the New York delegation to the Democratic National Convention (see Subseries 3.15). The vote totals for Lowenstein's election as a delegate are found in folder 62. For further information on Lowenstein's interest and active participation in the New York Reform Democratic movement in the early-mid 1960s, see especially the materials found under that heading in Subseries 6.1.
Campaigning literature, circular letters, correspondence, mimeographed materials, and handwritten notes on the unsuccessful bid of William F. Ryan to be mayor of New York City in 1965. During the campaign, Lowenstein acted as chair of an organization called Citizens for Ryan for Mayor.
Campaign literature, correspondence, lists, memoranda, programs and invitations, notes, and other materials on Lowenstein's unsuccessful campaign to be the Reform Democratic candidate for Congress from New York's 19th District. After Lowenstein lost to Ted Weiss in the Democratic primary in March, his name was mentioned by the Reform Independent Democrats as a possible reform candidate for the 17th District seat (see folder 86). Lowenstein removed his name from consideration for the latter seat, and supported Weiss in his unsuccessful bid to unseat the incumbent congressman in the 19th District, Leonard Farbstein.
Subseries 3.5 includes Lowenstein's campaign literature, especially circular letters, biographical sketches, press reprints, leaflets, and statements reviewing his positions on issues including Vietnam, housing, and poverty; and campaign literature on Lowenstein's Reform Democratic opponents, especially Ted Weiss (whose literature includes a letter of endorsement by Lowenstein and the other reform candidates). The miscellaneous records in folders 87-88 include handwritten notes by Lowenstein, election statistics, Lowenstein campaign stationery, and research materials on other candidates and their positions on issues. As with Subseries 3.3 and 3.4, the researcher can find other records documenting Lowenstein's involvement in the New York Reform Democratic movement in Subseries 6.1.
Correspondence, campaign literature, press clippings and press releases, reports, minutes, and other records relating to the organization of the widespread movement within the Democratic Party to deny President Lyndon B. Johnson the presidential nomination in 1968. The majority of the records in Subseries 3.6 date from August 1968, the time of the Democratic National Convention, or earlier.
Lowenstein was involved in this movement, which was nicknamed "Dump Johnson," from the Summer of 1966. It was at that time, and especially during the annual congress of the United States National Student Association, that students began to organize a letter writing campaign to the Johnson Administration in order to protest the escalation of the conflict in Vietnam. Folders 97-104 contain a great deal of information on the letter-writing campaign of student body presidents from colleges and universities throughout the country. These files document the events surrounding a meeting that grew out of this campaign between several student leaders and Secretary of State Dean Rusk; they also document the fact that Lowenstein was involved in helping the student leaders draft their letters to President Johnson and to Rusk. Other letter-writing campaigns which grew out of that of the student body presidents are also documented in Subseries 3.6. Information on a group that acted as a clearinghouse for these letter-writing activities, the Campus Coordinating Committee, can be found especially in the student body president files and in folder 108.
Folders 109-131 document a variety of national and state Democratic organizations formed to oppose Johnson's renomination and, following his withdrawal from the race in March 1968, to support Eugene J. McCarthy or Robert F. Kennedy in their races against Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey. Those organizations in which Lowenstein was most involved include the Conference of Concerned Democrats, and the New York organizations documented in folders 116-118.
Lowenstein was also involved in an organization called the Coalition for an Open Convention, and much documentation of this organization can be found in folders 153-178 of this subseries. The COC files include, for example, information on a conference of the Coalition held in Chicago in late June 1968; the organization of state and regional COC groups; events leading up to the Democratic National Convention in August; and a law suit filed by the COC against the Chicago Park District for its failure to grant a permit for a peaceful demonstration in Chicago during the convention. The records on the law suit include some COC documentation, especially financial records, not found in the other COC materials.
Subseries 3.6 also includes records relating to the Democratic National Convention. A series of state files that were compiled before and during the convention, probably by the COC, document the effort by the supporters of McCarthy and other peace candidates at the convention to overturn Humphrey's nomination. The correspondence, newspaper clippings, and delegate lists in the state files reveal further information about the organization of COC groups at the state level.
Also included in this subseries are press releases, campaign literature, and other records relating to the presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy. The emphasis in these files is on the organization of the McCarthy campaign in New York, and on the New Hampshire primary, which immediately preceded Johnson's announcement not to run for reelection. There is less comprehensive documentation of the other Democratic candidates' presidential campaigns in folders 147-152.
A run of press clippings on the entire "Dump Johnson" movement can be found in folders 243-275. These include clippings originally housed in a "Dump Johnson" scrapbook compiled by Lowenstein (folder 243; for other clippings on Lowenstein's role in the "Dump Johnson" movement, see also the clippings for 1967 and 1968 in Subseries 5.2); a chronologically arranged run of general clippings on the movement (folders 244-252); and a series of subject files collected by Lowenstein's staff on several aspects of the 1968 presidential campaign (folders 253-275).
Box 54 |
Correspondence #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 54 |
Working Coalition meeting #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 54 |
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Letter-writing campaign #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 54General Student body president letters, circa August 1966-August 1967 Business executive letter, December 1966 Rhodes scholar letter, January 1967 Peace Corps volunteer letter, March 1967 Divinity student letter, April 1967 Conference of Concerned Democrats Dissenting Democrats |
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State anti-Johnson organizations #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 54California Colorado Florida Michigan Minnesota New York, Coalition for a Democratic Alternative (see also "McCarthy campaign, New York" below) New York, Dissenting Democrats of Long Island, and Fifth Congressional District Democratic Council of Concerned Democrats New York, others Rhode Island |
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Other anti-Johnson organizations #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 54American Voters Betrayed by Johnson Coalition for Politics of the People Committee for the Formation of the New Party Democrats Against Johnson First Voters Against Johnson General "Grassroots" New Democratic Coalition Student Teacher Political Action Committee Young Democrats Youth for a New America |
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McCarthy campaign #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 54New York New York, lists New Hampshire primary Other states |
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Box 55 |
McCarthy campaign #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 55Press releases Statements Campaign literature Scheduling Miscellaneous |
Other presidential campaigns #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 55Humphrey Anti-Humphrey Johnson Kennedy McGovern Others |
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Coalition for an Open Convention #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 55Correspondence and circular letters Press releases and statements "COC Newsletter" Minutes COC conference (29-30 June 1968), circular letters and announcements COC conference, agenda COC conference, committees COC conference, delegates COC conference, minutes COC conference, committee reports, workshops, and resolutions COC conference, regional organization Students for an Alternative Candidate Illinois Coalition meetings Minnesota Coalition meetings New England Coalition meetings "On to Chicago" Chronology of events Press lists Democratic National Convention Chicago Park District law suit, 1969-1970 Miscellaneous |
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Democratic National Convention #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 55Committee hearings Convention arrangements Delegate information, general Delegate information, state files: Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa |
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Box 56 |
Democratic National Convention #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 56Delegate information, state files: Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Territories Texas Vermont Virginia Washington Washington, D.C. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming. Draft Kennedy "Law and Disorder" Lowenstein statement: "Al's Account of His Attempt to Second the Nomination for Julian Bond at the Democratic National Convention" Press release Miscellaneous |
Press clippings, Lowenstein's "Dump Johnson" scrapbook #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 56 |
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Press clippings, chronological file, December 1966-November 1968 and undated #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 56 |
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Press clippings, subject files: Advertisements #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 56 |
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Press clippings, subject files: Americans for Democratic Action position #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 56 |
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Press clippings, subject files: Alternatives to Johnson #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 56 |
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Anti-war sentiment #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 56Humphrey Johnson and the polls Johnson and support for the war Kennedy entering race New Hampshire campaign New York, general New York, Long Island New York, Long Island, Vietnam poll |
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Box 57 |
Peace Corps letter #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
Presidential campaign #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
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Pro-Johnson #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
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Pro-McCarthy #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
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Republican Party #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
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Rhodes scholar letter #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
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Student body president letter #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
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Vietnam War #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
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Wallace #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
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Miscellaneous #04340, Subseries: "3.6. Dump Johnson, 1968." Box 57 |
Correspondence, campaign literature, speeches and statements, lists, instructions to campaign workers, and other records relating to Lowenstein's successful campaign for Congress in 1968. Lowenstein defeated Albert Vorspan in the Democratic primary, and then won the election in November over Republican candidate Mason Hampton.
The records for this campaign and for subsequent campaigns in which Lowenstein ran in the 1970s have been divided into categories according to types of records. This arrangement was necessitated by the fact that very few of the campaign files have been found in their original form. The following comments on these categories of campaign records apply to this and all subsequent Lowenstein congressional campaigns.
The correspondence generally relates to contributions sent to Lowenstein's campaign, and other routine campaign matters such as letters of endorsement, congratulatory or condolence messages, and the ordering of supplies. The campaign literature includes flyers, posters, form letters and mimeographed letters that were circulated widely, article reprints, bumper stickers, biographies of Lowenstein, quotations about Lowenstein, and layouts, sketches, and drafts of campaign literature. Press releases publicize Lowenstein's campaign appearances and his positions on the major issues of a campaign.
The position papers, statements, and research materials reflect much about the issues Lowenstein emphasized in running for office, and differences and occasional similarities between his own positions and those of his opponents. Contributions are usually lists which indicate the name and address of contributors, and amounts they gave to Lowenstein's campaign. Several of the campaigns include information on the congressional district in which Lowenstein was running, such as maps, census information on voters, and election statistics.
The Lowenstein campaign materials usually contain a set of "administrative files" as well. These files include interoffice memoranda, and memoranda from campaign aides to Lowenstein; instructions to Lowenstein election workers, poll watchers, and workers in many of the "storefront" locations Lowenstein would open within the district; personal and media lists; financial and legal records relating to the leasing of office space, the filing of petitions for Lowenstein's nomination, and the routine operations of the campaign (financial records have often been sampled in order to reduce the large bulk of bills and receipts); and miscellaneous materials such as notes, lists, and blank stationery and office forms. The researcher should further note that files kept on Lowenstein's opponents in each campaign have been transferred to Series 6, Research Files.
The correspondence and other records relating to Lowenstein's successful campaign for Congress in 1968 reflect the fact that several people supported Lowenstein, among other reasons, because of his role in influencing the course of the 1968 Democratic presidential campaign (see also Subseries 3.6). In fact, the Lowenstein campaign office in 1968 was also working actively for the presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy.
Correspondence, campaign literature, statements, statistical records, and name lists that document Lowenstein's unsuccessful bid for reelection against Norman Lent in 1970. This subseries contains a great deal of information on Lowenstein's district, especially in folders 330-376. The primary set of district files, contained in folders 343-376, includes lists of key people census information, maps, and election results for both 1968 and 1970 for each township of the district. These files are arranged in numerical order by assembly district within the congressional district, and then alphabetically by township. Folders 380-393 contain much information on the volunteers, most of whom were college students, who worked for Lowenstein's reelection.
A few additional materials relating to Lowenstein's 1970 congressional campaign can be found in Series 4.
Printed materials, press clippings, correspondence, lists, and other records that pertain to the organization and activities of the youth voter registration movement that accompanied the passage in 1971 of the 26th Amendment, which gave eighteen year-olds the right to vote. The movement to register young voters also became in part a protest movement popularly known as a program to "dump Nixon." In addition to Lowenstein (just elected chair of ADA at the time), other Democratic politicians and the most notable Republican challenger to the President Representative Paul N. McCloskey of California became involved in the youth voter registration drive.
Several organizations were formed to register young people and encourage them to participate in the 1972 elections. Several of these are documented in folders 442-453. Over half the records in Subseries 3.9 (the majority of materials in folders 406-441) relate to a loosely organized coalition of state organizations known collectively as the Registration Summer project (also known as "Countdown 72"). More specific information on the organization of this project at the state level is available in the state files (folders 420-441).
Folders 454-462 contain campaign literature and other records regarding the candidacies of several of the 1972 presidential aspirants.
Correspondence, campaign literature, research materials, and court records pertaining to Lowenstein's unsuccessful 1972 campaign for Congress in Brooklyn's 14th Congressional District. Approximately three-fourths of the records in this subseries relate to a series of suits brought by Lowenstein against his opponent, incumbent Democrat John J. Rooney.
The Democratic primary election in June 1972, won by Rooney, was marked by widespread irregularities throughout the 14th District. On appeal from the Lowenstein campaign, the New York State Court of Appeals ordered a new primary election to be held in September. Rooney won this court ordered rerun as well as the general election in November.
Subseries 3.10 contains several sets of files, most of them arranged in alphabetical order, on this series of court cases (folders 564-848). Included among these records are several kinds of background research materials, affidavits, tally sheets and statistics, petitions, and forms and other records documenting the different irregularities at the polls. These records relate not only to the 1972 state court case, but also to a subsequent suit brought by Lowenstein in the federal court system against Rooney and members of the Nixon Administration for their alleged collusion in White House intelligence gathering activities directed at Lowenstein.
In addition to records relating to these court cases, Subseries 3.10 includes a great deal of information on contributions to the Lowenstein campaign and on the establishment of organizations related to the campaign such as the Committee for Fair Elections and the Committee for Honest Elections. Campaign literature in this subseries is in English, Spanish, Polish, and a few other languages. There is also documentation in this subseries on Brooklyn, such as a number of maps and statistics which reveal extensive demographic and political information on the 14th District.
A series of administrative files (folders 532-563) document the workings of Lowenstein's 1972 campaign. Included in these files are detailed instructions to campaign workers regarding the operation of storefront offices in communities throughout Brooklyn, canvassing of voters, and poll watching during the elections.
Box 61 |
Correspondence, incoming #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 61 |
Correspondence, outgoing, April-May 1972 #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 61 |
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Box 62 |
Correspondence, outgoing, June 1972-1973 and undated #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 62 |
Campaign literature #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 62 |
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Press releases #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 62 |
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Position papers, statements, and research materials #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 62 |
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Box 63 |
Position papers, statements, and research materials #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 63 |
Contributions #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 63 |
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14th Congressional District #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 63Maps Statistics Statistics, "Ethnic Breakdown of Families and Voters by Apartment House" General Labor Local issues notebook (See also 6.2, Post-congressional research files, Brooklyn files.) |
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Box 64 |
Administrative files #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 64Memoranda Instructions to campaign workers Personnel Scheduling Media and advertising Legal and financial records Notebooks Miscellaneous |
Box 65 |
Court Cases #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 65Affidavits American Civil Liberties Union suit Archives Bellow-Friedman-Tabak requests Bilingual inspectors and instructions Black Coalition of Williamsburg Breakdowns Committee for Democratic Election Laws Committee for Fair Elections Committee for Honest Elections Complaints Congressional procedure Court order to vote Court testimony Draft of Lowenstein statement Election law, final report of Reform Committee Election law, index Election law, violations Election memo research Electoral district captains Federal case Feldman, Anne Fraudulent postcards Heckleman, Marty Jacobson, affidavits Lefkowitz, Louis J., releases Lenzner, Terry Littlefield, Nick Lowenstein, et al. vs. Larkin, et al., legal memoranda Machine rigging Martinez, Gumersindo Meza, Pedro Miscellaneous Names Nixon, stolen election Notebooks and logbooks Official manuals Petitions, court rulings Poll watcher material Press, stolen election Price, Bill Rivero, Lydia Rooney, John J. Scalise, Joseph School Board Elections Seatrain Street index Summaries, Committee for Fair Elections Tabak, Ronald Transcript of case Trial brief, state Typed items Whitten, Les Yellow sheets |
Box 66 |
Court cases: Court documents #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 66Affidavits, index Affidavits, Martinez campaigning Appeal to Court of Appeals Appellate Court opinion Ballot position, Bassett affidavit Buff cards Challenge Report Civil Action No. 72C-1156 Court orders Death certificates Fraudulent postcards Index of irregularites Information letter, Supreme Court of the State of New York Legal brief, state case Motion for Advancement of Trial and Consolidation Oral petition under oath Petition delay Petition, federal case Petition, state case Petitioners' exhibit, voters in incorrect electoral district Petitioners' exhibit, list Petitioner's Memorandum of Law, brief Petitioners' Supplemental Memorandum Petitioners' Supplemental Specifications Supreme Court Opinion Testimony Voting machine trouble report |
Court cases: Other cases #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 66Appellate Court opinions, other Baltimore primary Briscoe vs. Kusper Eikenberry suit Jenness case Massachusetts Defenders Committee Mississippi case November case, McGovern Powell case Queens case Tabak, other cases |
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Court cases: Lists #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 66Election districts, mistaken assignments General lists Polling places Preliminary challenge lists (moved voters; lapsed registrations; enrollment irregularities) Regular voters in primaries Voter registry lists, Bushwick Voter registry lists, Fort Greene Voter registry lists, South Brooklyn |
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Box 67 |
Court cases: Lists #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67Voter registry lists, Williamsburg |
Court cases: Polling place changes #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67April registrants at John Jay Board of Elections changes Favorable polling places Old polling places September, by AD/ED |
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Court cases: Weinstein statistics #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67Ballot position Calculations Figures General Machines Marchiano and Cruz races Polling places Rooney finances |
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Court cases: Common Cause material #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67 |
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Court cases: Contributions #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67 |
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Court cases: Correlation between Common Cause and official report #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67 |
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Court cases: Expenditures list #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67 |
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Court cases: Financial reports, Citizens Committee for Congressman Rooney #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67Financial reports, D.C. Committee for Congressman Rooney Financial reports, John J. Rooney Miscellaneous Reports on hand Supplemental reports |
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Court cases: September primary #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67Complaints, 44th assembly district Complaints, 56th assembly district Complaints, 57th assembly district, 2-39 electoral district Complaints, 58th assembly district Complaints, Fort Greene Complaints and irregularities, 57th assembly district Complaints and irregularities, other assembly districts Election day personnel, 57th assembly district Miscellaneous New registrants Primary Day Reports, 57th assembly district Primary Day Reports, other assembly districts Selected materials Storefront areas Tally Sheet and Incident Report Work in progress |
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Court cases: Press reprints #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67Anderson, Jack Buckley, William F., Jr. Torres, Jose Wechsler, James A. |
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Court cases: Voter questionnaires #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 67 |
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Box 68 |
Court cases: Tally sheets #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 68Tally sheets: Assembly district 44 Assembly district 52 Assembly district 54-56 Assembly district 57 Assembly district 58 Assembly district 59 June election September election November election November election, assembly district 52 November election, assembly district 57 November election, assembly district 58 November election, assembly district 59 November election, fringe districts November revisions, final November revisions, work sheets |
Court cases: Assembly district files #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 68Assembly district 52 Assembly district 57 Assembly district 58 Assembly district 59 Fringe districts |
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Court cases: Petitions #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 68Lowenstein Rooney |
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Box 69 |
Court cases: Petitions #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 69Eikenberry Gross Velez |
Court cases: State case #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 69Advance Affidavits Affidavits to be checked Affidavits to be re-done Affidavits to be typed and notarized Board of Elections Breakdowns Buff cards Cadman Plaza Check list of questions Code Cohen, Steve Community service Death certificates Election results Enrolled voters Fair campaign practice Forgeries Forms Fraud Inspectors Investigation, contacted June vote totals Kaufman, Arnold Late openings and machine breakdowns Lawyers Leads Lease McCloskey notes Machine breakdowns Machine numbers Maps Ministers Moved Notaries One signature cards Petition carriers, Lowenstein Petitioners, Rooney Police List Poll openings and closings Poll placement Poll watchers Polling place locations Printout errors Primary Day Reports, shortage of inspectors Primary Day Reports, voting machine problems Seals for buff cards Subpoenas Tax exempt organizations Urban renewal, Williamsburg White liberal electoral districts Witnesses |
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Court cases: Federal case #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 69Complaint Defendants Later materials Miscellaneous Plaintiffs Points of litigation Summons |
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Box 70 |
Court cases: Voting irregularities #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 70Assembly district 44, electoral district 1-5, 74 Assembly district 52, electoral district 1-5 Assembly district 52, electoral district 6-10 Assembly district 52, electoral district 11-15 Assembly district 52, electoral district 16-19, 21-22 Assembly district 52, electoral district 24, 26-30 Assembly district, electoral district 31, 36-38 Assembly district 52, electoral district 40-41, 49-50, 55 Assembly district 54, electoral district 1-2 Assembly district 55, electoral district 24 Assembly district 56, electoral district 13-15 Assembly district 56, electoral district 39, 42 Assembly district 58, electoral district 1, 11-12 Assembly district 58, electoral district 18-21 Assembly district 58, electoral district 22-26 Assembly district 58, electoral district 27-31 Assembly district 58, electoral district 32-35 Assembly district 58, electoral district 38-41 Assembly district 58, electoral district 42-45 |
Box 71 |
Court cases: Voting irregularities #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 71Assembly district 59, electoral district 4-5, 23 Assembly district 59, electoral district 26-27 |
Court cases: Affidavits #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 71Geographical file, assembly district 52, 54-59 Alphabetical file, A-J Alphabetical file, K-Z Geographical file, office copies, assembly district 52, 54-59 Alphabetical file, office copies, A-Z Subject file, office copies, Adams-Count |
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Box 72 |
Court cases: Affidavits #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 72Subject file, office copies, Delay-Special Miscellaneous |
Box 73 |
Court cases: Miscellaneous #04340, Subseries: "3.10. New York 14th Congressional District, 1972." Box 73 |
Correspondence, campaign literature, reports, memoranda, research materials such as New York State statistics and contact lists, notes, and financial records relating to a campaign Lowenstein contemplated for the United States Senate seat of New York's Jacob Javits. Some of the records in this subseries, especially the research materials, overlap with those in Subseries 3.10.
Other materials relating to Lowenstein's prospective 1974 Senate campaign, most of them research materials on Javits, can be found in folders 545-608 of Subseries 6.2.
Correspondence, campaign literature, questionnaires, lists, telephone messages, notes, position papers, statistics, maps, legal and financial records, press releases, and memoranda on Allard Lowenstein's unsuccessful bid to unseat Republican John Wydler from Congress in New York's 5th District. The materials in this subseries, which include information on Nassau County, New York, and on Lowenstein's political connections, are closely related to those in Subseries 3.13.
Subseries 6.2 contains several files closely related to the records in Subseries 3.12-3.14.
Correspondence, campaign literature, reports, memoranda, position papers, name lists, press releases, petitions, and a variety of research materials on Lowenstein's second consecutive attempt to unseat Congressman Wydler. The majority of maps and other local materials on Nassau County are found in Subseries 3.12.
Correspondence, campaign literature, name lists, notes, statistics, maps, memoranda, reports, and other records pertaining to Lowenstein's campaign for Congress from the 18th Congressional District, located on Manhattan's East Side. The records in this subseries reveal that, despite a succession of defeats, Lowenstein still possessed an elaborate and faithful network of political allies in the New York metropolitan area.
Campaign literature, memoranda, reports, press releases, circular letters, press clippings, and other materials documenting other political campaigns either in which Allard Lowenstein participated to some degree or in which, in his younger years, he simply had an interest. Among those involving Lowenstein were the 1960 presidential campaign, in which he served as an alternate delegate to the Democratic National Convention (see also Subseries 3.3); a proposed bid for the United States Senate by Lowenstein in 1970; Jerry Brown's presidential campaign of 1976; and Edward Kennedy's presidential campaign of 1980.
Personal correspondence, constituent correspondence files, district files, House committee files, legislation, press files, and administrative files documenting Allard Lowenstein's two year term in Congress from 1969-1970. These congressional records have been arranged into seven subseries according to the types of files that were kept in Lowenstein's congressional office in Washington, D.C. and his district office in Baldwin, New York. The researcher should consult the individual subseries descriptions that follow for a more complete description of the contents of each.
Certain types of files and records were removed from Lowenstein's congressional materials. These consist largely of constituent case files removed for reasons of confidentiality, such as military, social security, and immigration case files. Also removed were government documents and other publications that are widely available.
Arrangement: chronological.
Correspondence and enclosures, both to and from Allard Lowenstein while he was a member of the House of Representatives. This correspondence was originally kept in Lowenstein's congressional office files, and therefore has been filed as a subseries along with the remainder of his congressional records. The researcher should note that the correspondence in this subseries fills in the gaps in Series 1 for the years 1969 and 1970.
Correspondence in Subseries 4.1 is from friends, family members, congressmen, and other public officials. This correspondence was marked "personal" by Lowenstein's staff, although it includes both personal messages and substantive correspondence dealing with legislative efforts. In contrast, the correspondence in Subseries 4.2 pertains to specific legislative proposals, and is primarily, though not entirely, in the form of circular letters or pressure mail.
Arrangement: by sets of files.
Correspondence and enclosures from Allard Lowenstein's constituents regarding domestic and foreign policy issues, congressional legislation, and issues of concern to the residents of the New York metropolitan area. This subseries is arranged into six sets of files that were kept in both Lowenstein's Washington office and his district office in Baldwin, New York. These sets of files, and their probable original locations, are as follows:
The correspondence in these files pertains to general issues of interest to constituents while Lowenstein was in Congress. The files also document some of the routine functions of Lowenstein's congressional office. The researcher should note that congratulatory messages were sampled (the numbers in brackets after files 85-88 indicate number of letters that were kept out of the original number that existed). All routine requests in both the general files and the Baldwin office files have been discarded. However, a record of all sampled or discarded constituent correspondence can be found in the alphabetical files and the chronological files (see descriptions below).
The researcher may wish to use the general files in conjunction with the legislative files and the Baldwin office files, since several of the topics in the three sets of files overlap. For example, the bulk of the constituent correspondence on the Vietnam conflict is located in the general files, but the legislative files contain more correspondence on Vietnam, and all correspondence on the invasion of Cambodia. As another example, correspondence on abortion can be found in all three sets of files.
Most of the constituent correspondence in the legislative files addresses specific congressional legislation that was proposed, pending, or passed during Lowenstein's term in Congress. For reasons noted above, the researcher may find it useful to consult these files, the general files, and the Baldwin office files together.
The correspondence and enclosures found in these files reflect Lowenstein's intervention on behalf of constituents in their dealings with specific federal government agencies (see also description of chronological files, below). There is also correspondence from Lowenstein's office requesting literature from government agencies.
These correspondence files were kept in Lowenstein's district office in Baldwin, New York. The correspondence concerns both general matters and specific legislation. An alphabetical sequence of files (folders 572-591) is arranged by first letter of the constituent's surname. As with the general files, correspondence of a routine nature, such as constituent requests, was removed.
These files, kept in the Washington office, consist entirely of outgoing correspondence. On each item of correspondence, there usually appears in the upper right hand corner the name of the constituent and the subject of the letter. These subjects generally correspond with those found in the file listings for the general, legislative, and Baldwin office files. The researcher can also find in these files outgoing correspondence regarding the request and other routine files that have been sampled or discarded.
These files contain outgoing correspondence arranged chronologically. The files, which appear to have been kept in the Baldwin office and so are distinct from the chronological files, include both correspondence of a routine nature, and correspondence regarding constituent cases and other services rendered to constituents by Lowenstein's congressional offices. Twelve cubic feet of records on immigration, social security, military service, and other constituent cases have been discarded for reasons of confidentiality, but some record of these cases can be found in the chronological files.
Box 104 |
August-December 1970 #04340, Subseries: "4.2.6. Chronological Files." Box 104 |
Box 103 |
December 1968-July 1970 #04340, Subseries: "4.2.6. Chronological Files." Box 103 |
Arrangement: by topic within sets of files.
A wide variety of records pertaining to the Fifth Congressional District of New York, the district Lowenstein represented while he was a congressman. The categories of materials found in this subseries were established because they all related in some way to Lowenstein's district and to his constituents. The sets of files that have been reconstructed, such as the organization files and the local issues files, were pulled together to reflect as nearly as possible their original order.
Folders 813-880 contain constituent guest lists, invitations, press releases, and other promotional material, correspondence, and background notes on a series of district forums and hearings Lowenstein held for his constituents while he was in office. The bi-weekly forums included guest panelists, often of national prominence, who represented different opinions on both national and local issues. Although he occasionally participated in these forums, Lowenstein's role was usually to introduce the speakers and to make concluding remarks at the end of the forum. These files also include documentation of two series of hearings Lowenstein held in his district, one upon his election and the other after his first year in office, to give constituents an opportunity to express their concerns; and an annual report Lowenstein made to his constituents in early 1970. Sound recordings for many of the forums and hearings Lowenstein held are located in Subseries 10.2 (transcripts for some of the tapes are in Subseries 7.4).
Folders 881-937 include the responses from four sets of questionnaires Lowenstein distributed to constituents during his term in Congress. The September 1970 questionnaires are arranged by the township of the respondents. While the January 1970 questionnaire requests responses about Lowenstein's effectiveness as a congressman, the other three ask questions on national issues such as the Anti-Ballistic Missile System, student unrest, and the Vietnam War. The completed questionnaires often contain remarks from constituents; remarks and tallies made by Lowenstein's staff sometimes accompany the questionnaires.
The project files in folders 938-948 contain correspondence, memoranda, and grant proposals regarding a variety of projects undertaken in Lowenstein's district for which assistance was sought from his congressional office. The organization files (folders 949-994) include correspondence, circular letters, brochures, and other records relating to organizations which were contacting Lowenstein while he was in office. The organizations documented in these files include both groups based in Lowenstein's district and national organizations.
The local issues files in folders 995-1152 include reports, statements, correspondence, press clippings, notes, and other research materials, and are similar in nature to the Committee files of Subseries 4.4. However, the files in this subseries document local issues important to Lowenstein's district, while Subseries 4.4 documents issues of national significance. A large amount of materials can be found in this subseries regarding a proposed gas pipeline on Long Island and jet noise in the New York metropolitan area. The files also document controversies surrounding Lowenstein: his attempted resignation; disagreements with the Oceanside School Board; and a controversial cartoon of Lowenstein which appeared in the Lawrence High School yearbook.
Box 104 |
Forums and hearings #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 104Lists of forums and participants Correspondence Fifth Congressional District Forum Fund Hearings, December 1968 Hearing, 9 December 1968, Long Beach Hearing, 10 December 1968, Freeport Hearing, 11 December 1968, Five Towns Hearing, 12 December 1968, Rockville Center Hearing, 13 December 1968, Lynbrook Forum, 2 February 1969, "Progress Through Understanding" Forum, 16 February 1969, "China, Vietnam and the New Administration" Forum, 2 March 1969, "Problems of the Environment" Forum, 23 March 1969, "The Tax Structure and Tax Reform" Forum, 29 March 1969, "Financing Primary and Secondary Education" Forum, 20 April 1969, "Deployment of the Safeguard ABM System" Forum, 4 May 1969, "Problems of Law Enforcement" Forum, 28 May 1969, "The Transportation Crisis" Forum, 15 June 1969, "The Crisis in the Middle East" Forum, 29 June 1969, "Environment, Standards for Public Protection" Forum, 14 July 1969, "The Nigerian Biafran Conflict" Forum, 27 July 1969, "Campus Unrest, the Government Perspective" |
Box 105 |
Forums and hearings #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 105Forum, 10 August 1969, "Labor, Race, and Poverty" Forum, 15 September 1969, "Problems of Arms Control and Disarmament" Forum, 28 September 1969, "Lowenstein Vietnam Report" Forum, 12 October 1969, "Campus Unrest, the Students' Perspective" Forum, 2 November 1969, "The Future of the Atlantic Community" Forum, 23 November 1969, "New Directions in the Nation's Priorities" Forum, 14 December 1969, "Growth of Big Government" Hearings, December 1969 Hearing, 18 December 1969, Baldwin Hearing, 19 December 1969, Wantagh Hearing, 21 December 1969, Malverne Hearing, 22 December 1969, Island Park Forum, 12 January 1970, "Current Disorders" Annual report, 18 January 1970, Long Beach Annual report, 23 January 1970, Lynbrook Annual report, 25 January 1970, Merrick Annual report, 26 January 1970, Cedarhurst Annual report, 1 February 1970, Seaford Forum, 16 February 1970, "Inflation and Problems of the Economy" Forum, 8 March 1970, "The Future of Race Relations" Forum, 5 April 1970, "The Future of Higher Education" Forum, 29 April 1970, "The Problems of Congressional Reform" Forum, 14 May 1970, "Consumer Protection" Forum, 17 May 1970, "Cambodia I" Forum, 7 June 1970, "Cambodia II" Forum, 10 June 1970, "Cambodia III" Forum, 14 June 1970, "The Draft" Forum, 21 June 1970, "Cambodia IV" Forum, 1 July 1970, "The Current Situation in Eastern Europe" Forum, 16 July 1970, "Problems of the Aging I" Forum, 26 July 1970, "Military Spending" Forum, 9 August 1970, "Vietnam, Con Son Report" Forum, 14 August 1970, "Problems of the Aging II" Forum, 15 August 1970, "Ecology Day" Forum, 23 August 1970, "Problems of the Economy" Forum, 26 August 1970, "Fair Play for Veterans" Forum, 8 September 1970, "Problems of Small Business" Forum, 9 September 1970, "Economic Conversion" |
Questionnaires #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 105Blank questionnaires May 1969 September 1969 January 1970 September 1970, Baldwin September 1970, Bellmore and North Bellmore |
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Box 106 |
Questionnaires #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 106September 1970, East Rockaway September 1970, Freeport September 1970, Island Park September 1970, Lido September 1970, Lynbrook September 1970, Malverne September 1970, Massapequa September 1970, Massapequa, North September 1970, Massapequa Park September 1970, Merrick September 1970, Merrick, North September 1970, Oceanside September 1970, Point Lookout September 1970, Rockville Center September 1970, Roosevelt September 1970, Seaford September 1970, Wantagh September 1970, no name, no address Questionnaire results |
Box 107 |
Project files #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 107Federal grants to district Grants to publicize Housing, Inwood Housing, Long Beach Mental health projects Miscellaneous Poverty projects Public school projects Rusty water project, Long Beach Small business development Youth projects |
Organization files #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 107Business Chambers of Commerce Civic groups Civil rights groups Congress Conservation Advisory Committee Conservation or Environmental Bill of Rights Conservation groups County officers Democratic National Committee Education Advisory Committee Encampment for Citizenship Joint Legislative Committee on Reapportionment Government organizations Labor groups Long Island commuter groups Members of Congress for Peace through Law Miscellaneous organizations Moratorium Committee New Democratic Coalition New York State Office of Economic Opportunity |
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Box 108 |
Organization files #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 108Parent-Teacher Associations Political groups Religious groups SANE Schools Seasonal employees in agriculture Senior citizens Stable Inn Development Corporation Villages Welfare organizations |
Local issues files #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 108Abortion Baldwin, general Baldwin, Harbor Park Baldwin, police redistricting Baldwin, Vanguard National Bank Bellmore, parochial school Catholics Consumers Day care Derivation of town names Direct election Drugs Economy, employment Economy, inflation Environment Five Towns Foreign travel in Congress Freeport, breakfast program Freeport, Post Office Freeport, school crisis Gas pipeline |
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Box 109 |
Local issues files #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 109Gas pipeline Health Hofstra University, High School Equivalency Program Homosexuality Housing Housing, rent control Inwood, general Inwood, Health Center Inwood, low cost housing Inwood, Post Office Jet noise |
Box 110 |
Local issues files #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 110Jet noise Lawrence, High School Lawrence, Meadowmere Park Long Beach, closed beach Long Beach, general Long Beach, Honor America Day Long Beach, Mental Health Clinic Long Beach, Nike site Long Beach, political campaigns Long Beach, rusty water Long Beach, school crisis Long Island, general Long Island, Long Island Council of Churches |
Box 111 |
Local issues files #04340, Subseries: "4.3. District files, 1969-1970." Box 111Long Island, Long Island Railroad Long Island, New Democratic Coalition Long Island, Personnel and Guidance Association speech Long Island, wetport Malverne, schools Manhattan, press releases Massapequa Merrick, Cammon's Pond Merrick, Jerusalem Avenue Merrick, primary day Migrant workers Miscellaneous Moratorium Nassau County, expressway Nassau County, general Nassau County, farm program payments Nassau County, food programs Nassau County, press releases Nassau County, rent control Nassau County, sewage plant National Student Coordinating Committee for Freedom in Vietnam and Southeast Asia New Democratic Coalition New York State, Democratic Party New York State, Department of Labor New York State, education New York State, general New York State, Power Authority Nursing homes Occupational safety Oceanside, garbage Oceanside, school incident Oyster Bay Bridge Post office workers strike Reapportionment Resignation, Lowenstein Rockville Center Roosevelt Coal and Oil Company Suffolk County Title 1 Veterans groups Voting age, eighteen-year-old Welfare Wetlands |
Arrangement: alphabetical by House committee.
Reports, government documents, publications, drafts and final copies of statements, handwritten notes, newspaper clippings, correspondence, and memoranda that relate primarily to the work of Lowenstein's congressional office on issues of national scope. These files, which are arranged by the House committee responsible for dealing with legislation on specific issues, were prepared mostly by legislative assistants and interns in the office for the purposes of conducting background research, preparing this research for Lowenstein's use in statements on the House floor, and formulating his positions on the wide range of issues in which his constituents expressed interest.
Although many statements can be found in these files, the researcher should also consult speeches and statements found in Subseries 4.6, Press files. As is the case with the research files in Series 6, Lowenstein often relied on background research materials like those found in this subseries to speak extemporaneously on an issue without any prepared text. Therefore, although drafts of statements do not exist for many of Lowenstein's speeches, these committee files reflect much about his point of view on the issues.
The committees for which the most documentation can be found in Subseries 4.4 are the Foreign Affairs Committee, the Agriculture Committee (Lowenstein's major committee assignment during his two year term), the Judiciary Committee, the Armed Services Committee, and the Interstate Commerce Committee. The Foreign Affairs Committee files reflect Lowenstein's ongoing concern about international affairs: especially the outbreak of the Nigerian civil war, the formation of Biafra, and the organization of relief efforts to ease starvation there; the Vietnam conflict, and anti war efforts both within and outside the House of Representatives; the problems of apartheid and government repression in South Africa, as well as the American government's stance toward that nation's government; the establishment of American military bases in Spain; and the continuing tensions in the Middle East. The Foreign Affairs Committee files are a useful resource on Lowenstein's involvement in foreign affairs, since they contain much of Lowenstein's correspondence with congressmen and other federal agencies, and they include information on Lowenstein's extensive travels to Biafra and other countries.
The largest files within the Agriculture Committee are those on food stamp legislation, the California grape boycott, the Livestock and Grains Subcommittee (Lowenstein was a member), and rural housing conditions. An interesting feature of the Armed Services Committee files is its documentation of the varied concerns of servicemen. The Judiciary Committee files contain records on several domestic issues in which Lowenstein had an interest. The Interstate Commerce Committee files document issues that were of significance to the metropolitan area which Lowenstein represented. (The researcher may also be interested in consulting the related local issues files in Subseries 4.3, especially those on gas pipelines, jet noise, and the Long Island Railroad.) The House Affairs Committee files document another issue concerning Lowenstein: the proposed reform of the committee structure within the House of Representatives.
Following the committee files is a small group of records, originally interfiled with the committee files in a number of "miscellaneous" categories, that did not relate to the work of any specific House committee. The Committee files originally consisted of approximately 22 cubic feet of records. However, press clippings, government publications, and other records that are widely available were removed from the subseries.
Box 112 |
Agriculture Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 112Agri-business and family farming Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1970 Agricultural workers Agriculture Act of 1970 Agriculture Department appropriations Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina California legal assistance case Chemical and biological warfare Commodity Credit Corporation Commodity production Conservation Consumer Agricultural Food Protection Act Delivery and sale Discrimination Farm policy Federal Crop Insurance Corporation Federal meat inspection Feed-Grain Law Food prices Food programs Food quality Food stamp legislation Foreign tax levies General Grape boycott Human Nutrition Act of 1969 Humane animal treatment Hunger Livestock and Grains Subcommittee Marketing orders Migrant workers National Sharecroppers Fund National Timber Supply Act Nutrition Organizations Payment limitations Pesticides |
Box 113 |
Agriculture Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 113Rural housing Rural poverty and hunger Rural telephone bank School Lunch Act Amendment South Florida migrant legal services Special milk program Sugar |
Appropriations Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 113 |
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Armed Services Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 113Anti-Ballistic Missile System Chemical and biological warfare Coffee houses Conscientious objection Cost overruns Defoliants Discrimination F-14 fighter Foreign military bases GI newsletters (including "Bragg Briefs," "Fun Travel Adventure," and "Veterans Stars and Stripes for Peace") GI rights (see also "Military justice,"and "Presidio affair") GI rights, stockades Homosexuality House military debate |
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Box 114 |
Armed Services Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 114Military justice Military spending Moratorium Multiple Independently-Targeted Reentry Vehicle (MIRV) Naval vessels Overseas military bases Presidio affair Reserves Selective service (see also "Volunteer army") Service organizations Stennis dinner Strategic weapons Volunteer army Weapons |
Banking and Currency Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 114Economy Housing Machiasport project Mass transit Model cities Population Stock market Urban demography |
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District of Columbia Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 114 |
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Education and Labor Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 114Education General Health Labor |
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Box 115 |
Education and Labor Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 115National Student Association Pediatrics Select Committee on Education South Florida Migrant Legal Services program Student affairs Student unrest Student unrest, Berkeley Student unrest, July 4th Vigil, Clint Deveaux materials Student unrest, Kent State Student unrest, newsletters Student unrest, statements on Lowenstein position Student unrest, University of Alabama and University of Tennessee hearings Wilmington College project |
Foreign Affairs Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 115Africa (see also "Biafra," "South Africa") Africa, Eduardo Mondlane Arms limitation Biafra |
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Box 116 |
Foreign Affairs Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 116Biafra Brazil Cambodia (see also "Vietnam") Cambodia, H. Resolution 1000 China Cuba Culebra Department of Peace Eastern Europe Emergency assistance for Peru Foreign aid France General Genocide Treaty Greece |
Box 117 |
Foreign Affairs Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 117Hijacking Intelligence Korea Laos (see also "Cambodia," "Vietnam") Latin America Middle East Northern Ireland Peace Corps Prisoners of War (see also "Vietnam") South Africa (see also "Africa," "Biafra," and 2.11) South Africa, African National Congress statement South Africa, James Lenkoe case South Africa, sugar quota Soviet Jewry Spain |
Box 118 |
Foreign Affairs Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 118United Nations Vietnam (see also "Cambodia," "Laos," and "Armed Services Committee" files) Vietnam, anti-war movement Vietnam, House Committee for a Vote on the War Vietnam, Members of Congress for Peace Through Law Western Europe |
Government Operations Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 118 |
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House Administration Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 118 |
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Interior Affairs Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 118Atomic energy General Pollution (see also "Interstate Commerce Committee, Pollution") Pollution, administrative proposals Pollution, New York Seal clubbing Wetlands |
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Box 119 |
Interstate Commerce Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 119Aircraft safety Bus safety Business Cars and trucks Communications bills Conservation Consumers Conversion Electrical blackouts Footwear imports Foreign trade Gas pipeline (see also 4.3, Local issues files) General Insurance Oil imports Pay television Pollution (see also "Interior Affairs Committee, Pollution") Power and electricity Product safety Sewage treatment Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Television Utilities |
Judiciary Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 119Appropriations Carswell nomination Civil rights Civil rights, Black Panthers Civil rights, Aaron Henry Courts Courts, congestion Courts, financial disclosure Courts, reform Crime Eighteen-year-old vote |
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Box 120 |
Judiciary Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 120Electoral reform Ethnic discrimination General Hypnosis Italian-Americans Narcotics Newspaper Preservation Act Newspaper subpoena Pornography Pretrial detention Prisons Privacy School desegregation Truman Committee Un-American activities Voting rights Wiretapping Women's rights |
Merchant Marine Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 120 |
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Post Office Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 120 |
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Science and Astronautics Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 120 |
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Veterans' Affairs Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 120 |
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Ways and Means Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 120General Health Imports, footwear (see also Interstate Commerce Committee) Imports, quotas Revenue sharing Social Security Tax credit plan Tax reform |
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Box 121 |
Ways and Means Committee #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 121War profits tax Welfare |
Miscellaneous Research files #04340, Subseries: "4.4. Committee Files, 1969-1970." Box 121Circular letters Collapse speech Evers, Charles Graham, Frank Porter Kennedy, Edward M. Kennedy, Robert F. King, Martin Luther, Jr. McDonald, Jeffrey Office of Economic Opportunity Stewart, Frank Other |
Arrangement: by House bill.
Printed bills, supporting documents, lists, and Lowenstein's voting record while in the House of Representatives. The files in this subseries consist of copies of the legislation sponsored or co-sponsored by Lowenstein while he was a member of Congress. One copy of the House bill can be found in each file; each bill is often accompanied by other documentation relating to that specific piece of legislation. The House bills sponsored or co-sponsored by Lowenstein are followed by the House resolutions, concurrent resolutions, and joint resolutions which Lowenstein sponsored or co-sponsored.
A variety of lists of the legislation proposed by Lowenstein is located in folder 1506. In folder 1507, there is also a record of Lowenstein's votes on other House legislation. Researchers can find further information on Lowenstein's legislation in Subseries 4.4, Committee files, filed under the topic of the legislation.
Arrangement: by type of material.
Congressional Record reprints of remarks made by Lowenstein, news releases and newsletters from Lowenstein's office, and speeches and statements made by Lowenstein. Notes and indexes regarding Lowenstein's remarks in the Congressional Record precede the reprints themselves. The reprints were often mailed to constituents in order to clarify Lowenstein's positions on various issues. The news releases also reflect positions taken by Lowenstein, and provide information on Lowenstein's schedule while in Congress (see also Subseries 4.7).
The newsletters, which were mailed by Lowenstein's office to constituents as a means of reporting on his work in Congress, also reflect his positions on issues of national and local importance. These newsletters often included questionnaires to constituents, reported results of previous questionnaires, and announced forthcoming district forums. For copies of returned questionnaires, see Subseries 4.3.
Folders 1636-1664 contain numerous speeches and statements made by Lowenstein while he was a congressman. Included in these files are final copies of the speeches, as well as draft revisions by Lowenstein and his legislative assistants. Other speeches by Lowenstein are in Subseries 7.3.
Lists, correspondence, invitations, scheduling forms, financial records, memoranda, and other records relating to the operations of Lowenstein's congressional offices in Washington, D.C. and Baldwin, New York. Folders 1665-1669 contain memoranda, principally from staff members to Lowenstein, regarding subjects ranging from telephone messages and scheduling concerns to strategies for political action. The memoranda are followed by records on Lowenstein's office personnel, and a few files on the general operations of his offices. The mail counts in folders 1695-1701, arranged chronologically, provide information on both the amount of correspondence Lowenstein's office received, and the general areas of interest and concern expressed in that correspondence.
Folders 1702-1797 contain the scheduling files maintained for Lowenstein's Washington office and his district office in Baldwin. Both sets of files include invitations, correspondence, notes, and completed schedule request forms which are filed in rough chronological order by the date of the event. The files also include scheduling information on four of Lowenstein's trips abroad while in Congress. The Washington office files sometimes include monthly calendars filled out by Lowenstein's office staff which offer an overview of scheduled events for that month. The Baldwin office files for 1970 include scheduling information on Lowenstein's campaign for reelection (see also Subseries 3.8).
The telephone messages in folders 1798-1829, dated from January-October 1970, were apparently taken in Lowenstein's Baldwin office. Other telephone messages, found in folder 1830, seem to have been taken in the Washington office. The remainder of Subseries 4.7 consists of financial records such as bills and receipts, correspondence, ledger sheets, and information on Lowenstein's office checking account. Included in the financial records are one set of files arranged alphabetically by name of account, and another set arranged chronologically by month.
Box 123 |
Memoranda #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 123 |
Personnel #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 123Staff lists Staff hired Payroll Consultants Volunteers Intern program |
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Box 124 |
Office operations #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 124General Office equipment and supplies Leases Clerk of House District office openings Services Postal patron Notebook on constituent requests Constituent lists Washington office guestbooks Mail counts |
Scheduling files, Washington office #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 1241969 appointment book January 1969 February 1969 March 1969 April 1969 |
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Box 125 |
Scheduling files, Washington office #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 125May 1969 June 1969 July 1969 August 1969 September 1969 October 1969 |
Box 126 |
Scheduling files, Washington office #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 126November 1969 December 1969 January 1970 February 1970 March 1970 April 1970 May 1970 June 1970 |
Box 127 |
Scheduling files, Washington office #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 127July 1970 August 1970 September-December 1970 Allard K. Lowenstein trip, December 1970-January 1971 |
Scheduling files, Baldwin office #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 127January-August 1969 Allard K. Lowenstein trip, August-September 1969 September-December 1969 Allard K. Lowenstein trip, December 1969-January 1970 January-May 1970 |
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Box 128 |
Scheduling files, Baldwin office #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 128June-July 1970 Allard K. Lowenstein trip, July-August 1970 August-12 October 1970 |
Box 129 |
Scheduling files: Baldwin office #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 12913 October-December 1970, undated |
Phone messages #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 129January-April 1970 |
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Box 130 |
Phone messages #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 130May-November 1970, undated |
Financial records #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 130Africa Report Agriculture Committee Alexander Kohanowich All-Type Printing American Express Atlantic Monthly Auigone Frerres Avis Rent-A-Car Baldwin Citizen Bi-County Publisher Billing Co. Billmore-Merrick Home News Blackstone, Inc. Brown, Harris, Stevens Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Congressional Hotel Congressional Quarterly Contact Lens Specialists Continental Travel CORE - Long Island Courier Data Systems Diner's Club District Delivery System Donations and subscriptions Earl Fahrney East Coast Airlines Farm Quarterly Forum Fund Gathard Electric General Service Administration Georgetown Stationer Glickman Photo |
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Box 131 |
Financial records #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 131Holiday Inn House account receipts House recording studio House Stationery Room Hyde Park Restaurant IBM Income tax Inwood News Photo Ira Rosenberg, Inc. Laskas Flowers Lilco Long Island Kernal Long Island Water Corp. Meyerson Roth Co. Miscellaneous Oceanside Beacon OEI Computer Pyne, Kendall and Hollister Roll call newspaper Rollins Rapid Repro. S & B Printing Slide-O-Chrome Span East Airlines Telephone answering service Terrace Travel Theseus Computer Management To be reimbursed V.I.P. Air Service Wall Street Journal Wantagh Seaford Citizen Washington Post Western Union World Book Encyclopedia January 1970 April 1970 May 1970 June 1970 July 1970 August 1970 September 1970 October 1970 November 1970 |
Office checking accounts #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 131 |
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Miscellaneous #04340, Subseries: "4.7. Administrative Files, 1969-1970." Box 131 |
Published articles, typed and handwritten drafts, and other records relating to writings by Lowenstein; and published and unpublished articles, newspaper clippings, and other writings about Lowenstein. Each of the subseries is arranged in rough chronological order.
Arrangement: chronological.
Handwritten and typed drafts, and final copies of articles, essays, and longer works by Allard Lowenstein. Other writings by Lowenstein are in Series 2, 3, and 4. For example, Lowenstein's writings while he was a student at the University of North Carolina are located in Subseries 2.3. Note also that materials Lowenstein used in the preparation of some of his writings are in Series 6.
Items of interest in this subseries include a few early short stories, plays, and essays; several writings dating from the early 1960s on Africa; a 1967 draft of an article discounting knowledge of CIA funding of the United States National Student Association during Lowenstein's presidency in the early 1950s; several published articles on the Robert Kennedy assassination investigation from 1975-1977; draft revisions and correspondence relating to "Spain Without Franco," a 1976 article Lowenstein wrote for Saturday Review; and "Why I Quit," an article detailing the reasons behind Lowenstein's resignation from his United Nations post in 1978.
This subseries also documents longer works by Lowenstein. There is one cubic foot of materials on Brutal Mandate, including draft revisions, chapter outlines, research notes, correspondence, book reviews, publicity materials, and a screenplay adaptation of the book; a screenplay on the civil rights movement by Lowenstein and Marcia Borie, entitled "Angus"; and materials, including drafts, relating to Reclaiming America, a book length work by Lowenstein on the contemporary American political scene which was scheduled for publication in 1972, but never actually published.
The researcher should note that the authorship and dates of a few writings in this subseries are uncertain.
Press clippings, magazine and journal articles, essays, unpublished papers, and other writings. Lowenstein is mentioned in all items, and is the central subject of most of them.
The press clipping file in folders 124 253, which has been photocopied for preservation purposes, constitutes three fourths of this subseries. Dating from 1946 through 1985, this clipping file covers all aspects of Lowenstein's career. The clippings are predominantly from New York newspapers and news magazines, but there are also clippings from newspapers throughout the nation, and from abroad. Several of the posthumous clippings concern controversies regarding books and articles on Lowenstein (see also Subseries 9.1).