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Copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law.

Preferred Citation

[Identification of item], in the Carl W. Gottschalk Papers #04935, Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Provenance

Received from Susan Fellner of Chapel Hill, N.C., in June 1998 (Acc. 98135) with subsequent additions (Acc. 98265 and 103709).

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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, the North Carolina Public Records Act (N.C.G.S. § 132 1 et seq.), and Article 7 of the North Carolina State Personnel Act (Privacy of State Employee Personnel Records, N.C.G.S. § 126-22 et seq.). Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g., a cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning an individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill assumes no responsibility.

Processed by: Megan A. Winget and Aletha Andrew

Encoded by: Megan A. Winget and Aletha Andrew

Revisions by: Nancy Kaiser, September 2019

Diacritics and other special characters have been omitted from this finding aid to facilitate keyword searching in web browsers.

Since August 2017, we have added ethnic and racial identities for individuals and families represented in collections. To determine identity, we rely on self-identification; other information supplied to the repository by collection creators or sources; public records, press accounts, and secondary sources; and contextual information in the collection materials. Omissions of ethnic and racial identities in finding aids created or updated after August 2017 are an indication of insufficient information to make an educated guess or an individual's preference for identity information to be excluded from description. When we have misidentified, please let us know at wilsonlibrary@unc.edu.

The following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.

Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.

• American Society of Nephrology.
• Book collecting--United States.
• Book collectors--North Carolina.
• Butterflies--Collection and preservation.
• Chronic renal failure.
• Frostbite.
• Gottschalk, Carl W.
• Hemodialysis.
• International Society of Nephrology.
• Kidneys--Diseases.
• Kidneys--Transplantation.
• Medicine--History.
• Medicine--North Carolina--History--20th century.
• Medicine--Research--History.
• National Kidney Disease Foundation.
• Nephrology.
• Physicians--North Carolina--History--20th century.
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. School of Medicine--Faculty.

• Carl W. Gottschalk Collection, Rare Books Collection, Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Carl W. Gottschalk, born in Salem, Va. His first scientific interest was the study of butterflies, and the young lepidopterist discovered a new species ( Strymon cecrops Gottschalki) when he was only 15 years old.

Gottschalk entered Roanoke College in 1938 with a pre-med major and attended the University of Virginia Medical School directly after graduation from Roanoke. Through the accelerated wartime program, he obtained his M.D. degree from Virginia in 1945. While interning at Massachusetts General Hospital, he was initially drawn to cardiology. The military intervened, however, and Gottschalk spent 1946 to 1948 in the U.S. Army Medical Corps, studying the effects of arctic weather and extreme cold on military personnel. From 1948 to 1950, he again conducted research in Boston at the Harvard Medical School, where his focus changed from cardiology to kidney function.

Gottschalk continued his investigations of renal function at Harvard, eventually revolutionizing the study of renal physiology. He was the first to prove the counter-current theory, explaining how the kidney excretes fluid that is more concentrated than any other body fluid. Gottschalk elucidated the link between heart problems and kidney function and was very influential in national planning for dialysis and kidney transplantation treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease.

Gottschalk was professor of medicine and physiology at the University of North Carolina's School of Medicine, 1952-1969, and Kenan Professor of Medicine and Physiology, 1969-1992. He served as chair of the Committee on Chronic Kidney Disease, sponsored by the United States Bureau of the Budget, which issued its influential Report of the Committee on Chronic Kidney Disease in 1967. He was also known for his Diseases of The Kidney, first published by Little Brown in 1988.

Gottschalk was named an American Heart Association Career Investigator and won the North Carolina Medal and the O. Max Gardner Award. In 1970, he received the Homer W. Smith Award from the New York Heart Association; in 1990, the A. N. Richards Award of the International Society of Nephrology; and, in April 1993, the first Robert W. Berliner Award for Excellence from the American Physiological Society. Gottschalk was president of the American Society of Nephrology and a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Institute of Medicine.

An avid bibliophile, Gottschalk donated his Robert Louis Stevenson collection to the Rare Book Collection of the Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during his lifetime. His significant collection of rare books on the history of medicine, now known as the Carl W. Gottschalk Collection, came to the Rare Book Collection after his death in 1997.

Writings and illustrations, research materials, biographical materials, and correspondence and related materials chiefly documenting Carl W. Gottschalk's medical research and teaching career. Materials also relate to his university administration functions and to his other interests, especially collecting rare books on physiology and nephrology. Please note that there is considerable overlap among topics covered in various series and that Gottschalk's original folder titles have, for the most part, been retained.

Series 1, Writings and Illustrations, consists of writings and illustrations for writings for which Gottschalk was a contributing author. Topics include studies on extreme cold, transplantation, renal function, chronic renal disease, and the history of the medical profession. Also included are papers Gottschalk gave at professional conferences and award acceptance speeches, some on non-scientific topics, such as censorship and the war in southeast Asia.

Series 2, Research Materials, consists of class notes, research notes, write-ups of experiment results, and other material in major areas of Gottschalk's professional interest, chiefly frostbite, general renal/kidney function, transplantaiton, hemodyalisis, and chronic renal disease. Also included are class notes, original data, and clippings and reprints of articles by others on Gottschalk's general research interests. Series 2A is a large addition to the collection consisting of author and subject files with offprints, correspondence, and notes.

Series 3, Biographical Materials, includes Gottschalk's curriculum vitae, diplomas, awards and certificates, announcements of awards and invitations to functions, newspaper clippings, press releases, and photographs.

Series 4, Correspondence and Related Materials, consists primarily of items pertaining to Gottschalk's professional activities. Materials relate to his general research interests--frostbite and hypothermia, renal/kidney function, and chronic renal disease--and to his activities with professional organizations, including the National Kidney Foundation, the American Society of Nephrology, and the International Society of Nephrology; his interest in entomology, especially studying butterflies and the development of his butterfly collection; his education and military service; his work as chair of the Committee on Chronic Kidney Disease, sponsored by the United States Bureau of the Budget, and its influential Report of the Committee on Chronic Kidney Disease (1967); and his collecting of rare books, chiefly on physiology and nephrology.

Photographs (PF-4935/1-3)

Oversize papers (OPF-4935/1-13)

Oversize illustrations (OP-PF-4935/1-2)