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Collection Number: 05772

Collection Title: James N. "Buck" Freeman Papers, 1946-1961

This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held in the Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in our reading room, and not digitally available through the World Wide Web. See the Duplication Policy section for more information.


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Size 4.0 feet of linear shelf space (approximately 500 items)
Abstract James N. "Buck" Freeman (1902-1981) served as one of the defense lawyers in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 1946-1948. The collection includes his copies of court filings and other materials, including photographs, documenting the war crimes trials held in Tokyo. Other materials, including letters and legal papers, concern trade, freedom of the press, and perceptions of the tribunal and day-to-day life in postwar Japan.
Creator Freeman, James N. "Buck", 1902-1981.
Curatorial Unit University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection.
Language English
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Restrictions to Access
No restrictions. Open for research.
Restrictions to Use
No usage restrictions.
Copyright Notice
Copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], in the James N. "Buck" Freeman Papers #05772, Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Acquisitions Information
Received from James N. Freeman Jr. in January 2018 (Acc. 103313).
Sensitive Materials Statement
Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, the North Carolina Public Records Act (N.C.G.S. § 132 1 et seq.), and Article 7 of the North Carolina State Personnel Act (Privacy of State Employee Personnel Records, N.C.G.S. § 126-22 et seq.). Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g., a cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning an individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill assumes no responsibility.
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Processed by: Nancy Kaiser, Lydia Neuroth, and Mary Oliva, February 2018

Encoded by: Nancy Kaiser, February 2018

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The following terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings suggest topics, persons, geography, etc. interspersed through the entire collection; the terms do not usually represent discrete and easily identifiable portions of the collection--such as folders or items.

Clicking on a subject heading below will take you into the University Library's online catalog.

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James N. "Buck" Freeman (1902-1981) served as defense attorney representing Kenayo Sato at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 1946-1948. The military tribunal, also known as the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal and the Tokyo Trials, tried Japanese leaders for "Class A" war crimes, which were defined as conspiracy to start and wage World War II. Prior to the Tokyo Trials, Freeman, practiced law in Winston-Salem, N.C., and with the Employee Relations Office of the Navy. He returned to his native Surry County following his time in Japan, and set up a law practice in Mount Airy, N.C., where he practiced until his retirement in 1976.

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The James N. "Buck" Freeman Papers, 1946-1961, consist chiefly of copies of court filings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and other materials, including photographs, documenting the members and their leisure activities. There are also materials that depict postwar Japan, including Freeman's personal letters with his impressions of the tribunal and day-to-day life; his legal papers concerning the Nikkan Sports case and intimidation of the free press; Department of Commerce letters regarding trade with occupied Japan; newspaper clippings of excerpts of the Shigemitsu memoirs; an early issue of New Japan; and snapshots of unidentified Japanese women and children.

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Contents list

expand/collapse Expand/collapse James N. "Buck" Freeman Papers, 1946-1961.

500 items.
Box 1

Defense documents: Defense Summation, Table of Contents

Defense documents: Order of Proof, Pacific Phase, 27 August-9 September 1947

Defense documents: Opening Statement

Defense documents: Exhibit 2981

Defense documents: Exhibits 3039-3051

Defense documents: Exhibits 3052-3066

Defense documents: Exhibits 3067-3110

Defense documents: Exhibits 3111-3142

Box 2

Defense documents: Exhibits 3159

Defense documents: POW Summation

Defense documents: Additional papers

Defense motions for Takeshi Hashimoto, 20 October 1947

Defense motions for Yasutoshi Mitzuguchi, 25 May 1948

Defense motion for Takeo Kita, 10 November 1948

Defense motion for Tasuko Okada, 30 November 1948

Summation by the Defense, 5 March 1948

Summation by the Defense, 8 March 1948

Box 3

Summation for the Defense, Section "N-18": Sato, Kenryo

Summation for the Defense, Section "N-4": Hata, Shunroku

Summation for Hata, Shunroku

Petitions for Review

Judgment: Part B, Chapter IV: The Military Domination of Japan and Preparation for War, 1 November 1948

Judgment: Part B, Chapter VII: Conventional War Crimes (Atrocities), 1 November 1948

Judgment: Part C, Chapter IX: Findings on Counts of the Indictment, 1 November 1948

Judgment: Part C, Chapter X: Verdicts, 1 November 1948

Box 4

Judgment: Annexes, 1 November 1948

Judgment: Annex "B," 1 November 1948

Recorded Judgment, 4 November 1948

Recorded Judgment, 5 November 1948

Box 5

Recorded Judgment, 8 November 1948

Recorded Judgment, 9 November 1948

Recorded Judgment, 10 November 1948

Recorded Judgment, 11 November 1948

Box 6

Recorded Judgment, 11 November 1948

Recorded Judgment, 12 November 1948

Judgment of the Honorable Mr. Justice Pal, 12 November 1948

Box 7

Judgment of the Honorable Mr. Justice Pal, 12 November 1948

Opinion of Mr. Justice Roling, 12 November 1948

Box 8

Opinion of Mr. Justice Roling, 12 November 1948

Dissenting Judgment, 12 November 1948

U.S.A. and Others v. Araki and Others: Separate Opinion of the President, 1 November 1948

Additional tribunal papers

Personnel directory, seating charts.

Album of International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 1948

"Mr. Freeman's Scrap Book"

Newspaper clippings, chiefly from Nipon Times.

Correspondence, 1946-1948

Freeman wrote about his impressions of the tribunal and post-war Japan, his day-to-day life during the trial and the experiences of his school-age son and a young woman, possibly his niece, in the"Washington Heights" section of Tokyo.

Nikkan Sports case, 1948

Freeman represented the defense in a case that charged Nikkan Sports with printing an article that criticized the Allied Forces of Occupation in violation of the Japanese Press Code. The article, a news release, announced production of a show at the Diato Theater. The dispute arose over translations that characterized the type of show as"Naked Show" or"Partly Clothed." Freeman argued that the case was meant to intimidate the free press.

Department of Commerce, 1949

Letters and related materials regarding trade with occupied Japan.

Clippings, 1949, 1952

Chiefly excerpts from the Shigemitsu memoirs.

New Japan, circa 1948

Image Folder PF-05772/1-2

PF-05772/1

PF-05772/2

Photographs, 1945-1948

Black-and-white photographic prints

Images depict scenes from the tribunal courtroom and a duck-hunting party of the defense panel. Images taken by Signal Corps U.S. Army.

Image Folder PF-05772/3

Photographs, 1946-1948

Black-and-white photographic prints

Snapshots of unidentified Japanese women and children.

Image Folder PF-05772/4

Photographs, 1961

Black-and-white photographic prints

Informal portraits of Ed and Patsy McDermott of Tokyo, Japan, and a postcard of Ed McDermott "addressing 600 Japanese coalminers on the evils of Communism."

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